张家界2025学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测三年级英语

1、Air travel is much more affordable and _______ to the masses than it was in the 1960 s.

A.portable B.elegant C.accessible D.beneficial

2、Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .

A．would have been saved

B．had been saved

C．will be saved

D．was saved

3、_______climber gets to the top first will get a ￥5,000 prize.

A.No matter when B.Whichever C.No matter which D.Whenever

4、—How do you study English?

—I study English               talking with foreign students.

A.by B.on C.at D.up

5、_______ Sunday, the library doesn’t open.

A．Being

B．It is

C．It being

D．There being

6、______ then did they understand that it was their own fault.

A.Till B.By then C.Since D.Only

7、It was almost five years later _______ he brought back some happy memories.

A.since B.when C.that D.before

8、 When you hear a fire alarm, don't rush________， you should keep calm.

A．in surprise  B．in need

C．in brief    D．in alarm

9、Your promise is nothing unless it is ________.

A.figured out B.carried out C.dropped out D.stood out

10、He ______ his first wife who was considerate to him and soon married a girl who was 20 years junior_____ him.

A.divorced; to B.divorced from; to C.separated; with D.separated from; for

11、Reading light fiction, going out to see a romantic comedy, or sharing a pleasant time with friends is not ________ my bad feelings now.

A. in tune with B. in touch with C. in honour of D. in defence of

12、_______ digital technology is bridging geographic distance, highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities.

A．Where

B．As

C．While

D．When

13、The young couple wrote to Mr Grand to________his warm reception during their visit to his farm.

A.acknowledge B.update C.consult D.acquire

14、In his speech he ________ to the great help his country received from the supporters of the world.

A．offered

B．mentioned

C．expressed

D．referred

15、Only when he grew up did he ________ the effects of his father’s action.

A．aware

B．aware of

C．become aware

D．become aware of

16、Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time __ the exam.

A. pass B. to pass

C. passed D. passing

17、It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area.

A．are being built

B．were being built

C．was being built

D．is being built

18、I walked slowly ________ the market, where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.

A.beyond B.across C.over D.through

19、In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.

A．whose

B．that

C．which

D．whom

20、He wished he ____ in his house that day. If he hadn’t, he ____ everything overnight in the fire.

A. didn’t smoke; wouldn’t lose B. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have lost

C. didn’t smoke; wouldn’t have lost D. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t lose

21、There, ______Mrs Smith, showing her pupils how to put a logo onto the new torch.

A. was on a platform standing B. was standing on a platform

C. on a platform was standing D. standing on the platform was

22、Tom, as well as his friends who________ football, _________very popular among the students.

A.likes; are B.likes; is C.like; is D.like; are

23、To ______ the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time.

A. correct B. deliver

C. cover D. demand

24、______ providing entertainment, the website also turns out to be a helpful learning tool.

A.Far from B.Apart from C.Instead of D.Regardless of

25、______himself to alcohol,the man seldom cared about his family.

A.Adjusting B.Approaching C.Abandoning D.Acknowledging

26、   Robots have been taking our jobs since the 1960s. However, humans haven't become completely redundant (多余的) because these robots may be very efficient but they're also kind of stupid. 【1】. They just act in very accurate but very limited ways. Humans are still needed to work around robots, doing the jobs the machines can't do and fixing them when they get stuck. But this is all set to change, thanks to a new wave of smarter and better value machines that can adapt to multiple(数量多的) tasks. 【2】.

The era(时代) of "Industry 4.0" is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the abilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. 【3】. They can adapt to different tasks, and even organize their work to meet demands without the input of humans.

【4】, they are still not as smart as us. Today’s industrial artificial intelligence operates at a narrow level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans.

【5】. Similar to big data analysis, it processes large quantities of data in real time to make decisions about what is the best action to take. The difference is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision-making. A perfect example of deep learning was presented by Googles AlphaGo software, which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go(围棋) players.

A. They do not think

B. But there is still some way to go

C. While these machines are getting smarter

D. What's coming next is known as "deep learning"

E. It comes down to the question of what a robot really is

F. This change will be so significant that it will create a new industrial revolution.

G. This will produce smart robots with better sensing and communication abilities.

27、   Language learning apps are very popular now and offer opportunities to learn vocabulary and practice grammar. But there has been a discussion about just how effective such apps can be.

Among the most popular apps are Duolingo and Busuu. A previous research found positive results on the use of them. But it mainly concentrates on studies with learners who had signed up for language courses and these apps worked as an after-class support, so the results were not always reliable. A recent study of 4,095 Busuu users has been carried out to find out if users can actually learn a language with an app.

Busuu provides learning materials for 12 different languages. It offers special models where some contents are available for free while some contents are not, We find that its users are an even mix of men and women. More than half consider themselves to be at the beginner level as there is a decrease in users as their language levels go up. Most people use the app because of personal interest, or because they want to study or live abroad. Females tend to use it less often but for longer periods of time than male users.

Getting any feedback on Busuu depends on whether your answer is correct or not. While it is helpful, this is not the sort of feedback language teachers prefer, as it does not explain why the answer is right or wrong. In spite of this, feedback in the app is very highly rated.

More than 92% of the people state that the app has met their expectations and 86% consider the app as very good or good. In fact, more than 80% of the users surveyed strongly agree that using the app has helped them improve their knowledge of the language they are learning.

Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users, and this can address the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from when asked to speak a foreign language. So language teachers should encourage their students to use them to do the grammar work, leaving precious class time for more language communication.

【1】Why weren’t the results of the former research always dependable?

A.Because it used out-of-date methods.

B.Because it just focused on positive results.

C.Because it was only carried out before class.

D.Because it only considered users of a limited type.

【2】What can we learn about the app Busuu from the text?

A.All the contents are free to use. B.It’s used by more advanced learners.

C.Most users consider it satisfying. D.It’s more popular with female learners.

【3】Which of the following can probably replace the underlined word address?

A.Deal with. B.Write down. C.Turn to. D.Speak of.

【4】What is the main idea of the text?

A.Students won’t suffer anxiety in learning languages by using Busuu.

B.Language learning apps are effective and satisfactory to language learners.

C.Language learning apps are very popular with most language teachers.

D.Students should be required to use apps for homework after class.

28、  

From 20-pound turkeys to red and green Christmas cookies, with their emphasis on food, experts agree that the holidays are an ideal time to get kids involved in the kitchen.

"I think it helps build up their confidence and their independence," Charleston-based chef and mother-of-two Aimee Jones said. "They say, ‘Look, I can do this. I can make and feed myself something yummy.’ Especially when they can share it with their parents, it definitely helps them build confidence in themselves."

Instilling(灌输) a comfort level with cooking at an early age can create a life-long habit of making meals at home and help to foster a healthy relationship with food.

"This is the age when everything we teach them gets stuck in their heads," Nico Romo, chef and owner of Nico Oysters Seafood and father of three said. "If something goes wrong with the heat on the stove, they know they can handle it. They can turn it off. And they’re using their hands to create things. They can already draw and do all those things, so why can’t they hold and chop a vegetable? You show them and watch them. It’s a lot of fun."

Involving children in creating their favorite holiday treats also makes for a one-of-a-kind bonding experience. "For better or worse, you will get to know your children, and they you, more deeply when you cook with them. For better, you will share recipes, techniques and anecdotes that you learned at the elbows of mothers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers long gone," they wrote.

"For worse, you will huff and puff and whine(埋怨) and lose your patience when they accidentally spill heavy cream all over the kitchen table while making mini-shortcakes with berries, but they will love you anyway, teaching you, the one who’s supposed to be the grown-up, about unconditional affection and ready forgiveness."

【1】What does the author suggest in paragraph 2?

A.Increasing children’s confidence by cooking. B.Forming a tradition of family cooking.

C.Cooking delicious meals for children. D.Making holidays more meaningful.

【2】What does Nico Romo mean in Paragraph 4?

A.Children are good at drawing. B.This is an age lack of creativity.

C.Children are able to handle cookery. D.Modern technology is easy to learn.

【3】What will adults learn when children make a mess in the kitchen?

A.The skills in controlling their temper. B.The unlimited love and pardon.

C.The tips for making everything in order. D.The remarks made for complaint.

【4】What is the text mainly about?

A.The stress of cooking during holidays. B.The benefits of cooking with kids.

C.The advantage of playing with children. D.The importance of sharing recipes.

29、   You might be familiar with the experience of looking through your Facebook,only to feel like everyone else's life is better than yours．

But such "social comparisons" may be connected with a higher likelihood of having depression．That's one finding from a new study that proved social media behavior has a connection with the mental(精神的)health condition．

In the study, the researchers studies information from around 500 undergraduate students who actively used Facebook,Twitter,Instagram or Snapchat and completed an online survey to examine certain social media behavior,as well as symptoms (症状)of depression．

The researchers found that people's reasons for using social media -whether it was out of boredom,or for entertainment or news -were not connected with depression.But how they were using social media was,indeed,connected to the condition．

The finding that people with depression were less likely to post photos of themselves with others may be related to the tendency (倾向)for people with depression to isolate themselves,said Anthony Bobinson,a psychology student at Texas State University．

In any case,it's not good to compare yourself to others who seem "better off" than you，Bobinson added."People want to make themselves look better off than they really are on social media" He said."This is not someone's 'real life. It's important to recognize that．"

The researchers also stressed that their findings didn't mean that social media use is necessarily a bad thing．

"I don't think it's always bad," Howard,one of the researchers,said."It can be bad,but it can also provide social support．It can give people a way to be around people that are similar to them." Finally，Howard hopes the study leads to ideas that may teach people how to use technology better rather than taking it away．

【1】What did the researchers want to know through the study？　 　

A.The effects of social media．

B.The benefits of social media．

C.Why people use social media．

D.How people use social media．

【2】What do the underlined words "isolate themselves" probably mean？　 　

A.Make themselves better．

B.Make themselves alone．

C.Make themselves worse．

D.Make themselves popular．

【3】What did Robinson think of comparing with those who are better than us on social media？　 　

A.It is unusual．

B.It is necessary．

C.It is interesting．

D.It is meaningless．

【4】The researchers' attitude towards social media can be described as　 　．

A.fair

B.unclear

C.doubtful

D.confident

30、   When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on Facebook or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn’t_______, _______your child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things_______! Many people believe that they can_______two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is_______. The reality is that multitasking_______poor job performance.

New hand-held_______such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and “attention_______” leading to difficulty focusing on the task_______, such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “__________, the brain actually__________kids for multitasking even though when your child is supposed to doing homework performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing__________because they feel better when they multitask,” says Dr Edward Hallowell.

__________the appearance of hand-held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in__________performance, critical thinking skills and how information is__________. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn,” says Dr Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a” difficult to understand" topic and__________to allow themselves to be distracted(分散的), to tune out and switch__________ to Facebook or using their cell phones__________working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long__________, multitasking affects grades. One study showed that kids that use the Internet while in class did__________on tests resulting in lower grades.

【1】A.play B.understand C.use D.work

【2】A.only if B.even though C.so that D.no wonder

【3】A.at once B.right away C.in no time D.at random

【4】A.advocate B.deal C.perform D.prefer

【5】A.impossible B.important C.impatient D.impolite

【6】A.results in B.results from C.exists in D.exists from

【7】A.designs B.discoveries C.equipment D.evidence

【8】A.attract B.draw C.pay D.share

【9】A.at hand B.on time C.on schedule D.at times

【10】A.Uncertainly B.Unfortunately C.Universally D.Undoubtedly

【11】A.remains B.rewards C.regards D.reflects

【12】A.better B.well C.bad D.worse

【13】A.Since B.Before C.When D.While

【14】A.accidental B.accurate C.accessible D.academic

【15】A.produced B.processed C.possessed D.promoted

【16】A.tend B.attend C.intend D.pretend

【17】A.out B.on C.off D.over

【18】A.except for B.rather than C.more than D.apart from

【19】A.run B.walk C.journey D.distance

【20】A.hardly B.successfully C.poorly D.mildly

31、   As a music teacher, I found that children have many levels of musical ability. However, I've also had my_______of what I call"_______challenged pupils”. Robby was 11 years old when his mother_______him off for his first piano lesson.

He told me it had always been his mother’s _______to hear him play the piano. So I_______him as a student From the beginning, I thought he was _______.As much as Robby tried, he lacked the sense of basic rhythm (韵律)_______.Over the months he tried_______.He always said, “My mom's going to hear me play someday." But, it seemed no hope. He Just did not have any inborn _______.

Then one day Robby________coming to our lessons. I thought about calling him, but thought, because of his lack of ability, that he had ________to do something else. Several weeks later I got a call from Robby. To my ________he asked me if he could be in the recital (独奏会).I told him that the recital was for________pupils and because he had dropped out he really couldn't________it. He said that his mom had been very ________and unable to take him to piano lessons,________he was still practicing. I ________agreed.

At the recital Robby________ Mozart’s Concerto #21 in C Major, which made me surprised I was not________ for what I heard next. After six and a half minutes he ended and everyone was on their________in wild applause.

【1】A. idea B. share C. impression D. imagination

【2】A. musically B. spiritually C. personally D. physically

【3】A. sent B. saw C. dropped D. moved

【4】A. reality B. dream C. plan D. suggestion

【5】A. put B. made C. took D. met

【6】A. hopeless B. nervous C. fortunate D. learned

【7】A. showed B. lasted C. spent D. needed

【8】A. more B. again C. hard D. anyhow

【9】A. sense B. ability C. attempt D. effort

【10】A. continued B. considered C. intended D. stopped

【11】A. decided B. meant C. encouraged D. guaranteed

【12】A. delight B. satisfaction C. surprise D. disappointment

【13】A. clever B. present C. potential D. pretty

【14】A. provide B. reach C. demand D. attend

【15】A. abroad B. sick C. curious D. special

【16】A. but B. so C. and D. or

【17】A. partly B. personally C. eventually D. certainly

【18】A. chose B. created C. picked D. formed

【19】A. glad B. painful C. regular D. prepared

【20】A. seat B. base C. stand D. feet

32、A Call to Action

We are here today because we want to stop global warming. Like me, you are trying hard to ________ your own personal carbon footprint. And these small, _____ changes do have an impact, do help ________our carbon emissions.

But it is not________ for individuals to change. We need governments to change. We need industry to change. We need big changes if we want to prevent global warming ________ destroying our planet.

One third of our global carbon emissions---35 percent---comes from_____ electricity. As a result, we need government and industry to work together to lower these ________, more importantly, to develop new, cleaner technology to heat our homes,________ our factories, and to keep lights ________.

Another 20 percent, 20 percent of our emissions comes from transportation. _____, We need government and industry to work together to build more energy _______ cars and trucks. Good ________ public transportation will allow us to ________ our cars and the pollution they produce forever.

Another 20 percent of all emissions comes from industry---our factories and businesses. They ________ tons upon tons of carbon into the air every_____minute. It is time to say enough! We need these businesses to lower their own_____ carbon footprints.

So my ________to you today is: keep trying to reduce your personal carbon footprint. But also stand up, stand up and ________ that government and industry do their ________, because that is what will make a _______ .

【1】A. increase B. decrease C. fall D. dominate

【2】A. individual B. public C. collective D. united

【3】A. promote B. undertake C. lower D. assist

【4】A. fair B. tough C. rough D. enough

【5】A. to B. with C. from D. on

【6】A. generating B. creating C. completing D. differentiating

【7】A. admissions B. permissions C. emissions D. transmissions

【8】A. make B. power C. destroy D. maintain

【9】A. out B. within C. beyond D. on

【10】A. Therefore B. However C. Nonetheless D. Besides

【11】A. primitive B. hazardous C. uneven D. efficient

【12】A. commercial B. polluted C. quality D. fragile

【13】A. get rid of B. count on C. do damage to D. get exposed to

【14】A. assault B. release C. diminish D. spray

【15】A. few B. single C. another D. each

【16】A. flammable B. vocational C. personal D. recreational

【17】A. data B. information C. news D. message

【18】A. convert B. demand C. digest D. renew

【19】A. part B. role C. standard D. characteristics

【20】A. living B. point C. deal D. difference

33、When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $500,000”genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. _____, she put the money in the bank and ____ writing poems.

In 2015, she finally ____ what to do with it. That year, Heather's godson and his wife ____ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people's ____   can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a ____   situation,” says Heather.

She ____ there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather ____ a nonprofit organization offering a seven­ day vacation, with all ____ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.

Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a ____ vacation, she couldn't ____ it; disbelief even ____ her concern about leaving her two kids.

Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the ____ things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to,” says Tricia. She was afraid the ____would return when the ____ was over, but to her surprise, it hasn't been back since.

Heather says Tricia's ____ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year. “Before the vacation they are so ____, but the ____ is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels ____ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another ____,” she adds.

【1】

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Instead

D．Besides

【2】

A．continued

B．quitted

C．practiced

D．started

【3】

A．thought over

B．wondered

C．talked about

D．decided

【4】

A．held

B．welcomed

C．lost

D．saved

【5】

A．feelings

B．future

C．lives

D．routine

【6】

A．different

B．similar

C．worse

D．better

【7】

A．discovered

B．claimed

C．admitted

D．felt

【8】

A．donated

B．found

C．visited

D．formed

【9】

A．taxes

B．salary

C．expenses

D．rent

【10】

A．free

B．caring

C．short

D．long

【11】

A．believe

B．take

C．refuse

D．enjoy

【12】

A．woke

B．defeated

C．showed

D．moved

【13】

A．wonderful

B．delicious

C．peaceful

D．simple

【14】

A．heaviness

B．pain

C．sadness

D．disbelief

【15】

A．entertainment

B．dream

C．vacation

D．freedom

【16】

A．comment

B．story

C．surprise

D．fortune

【17】

A．worried

B．confused

C．unexpected

D．stressed

【18】

A．award

B．change

C．scenery

D．accommodation

【19】

A．slightly

B．interestingly

C．magically

D．mostly

【20】

A．place

B．situation

C．height

D．angle

34、

Rapidly advancing technology and its impact on education has been a subject of debate. How can schools equip students with the skills they need to succeed in a challenging job market?

Since technology is driving these changes, there is a theory that governments should keep focusing on STEM subjects. These are often referred to as “hard skills,” which are 【1】 in primary school and right through to university level. In the meantime, ‘soft skills’ are being 【2】.

This is a mistake. Much evidence suggests that soft skills are far more 【3】 to graduates in the long term. Research from Harvard University on the global job market has shown that STEM- related careers grew strongly between 1989 and 2000 but have slowed down since. In contrast, jobs in the creative industries----the sector probably most 【4】 with the need for soft skills---are growing rapidly. Soft skills are, in fact, increasingly in demand in the workplace: Google cites creativity, leadership 【5】 and communication skills as top requirements for both potential and current employees.

So why are soft skills so highly 【6】 for?

With the rapid evolution of technology, a focus on hard skills leaves students 【7】 to change, as these often have a short shelf life. According to research by World Economic Forum, more than one in four adults reports a mismatch between their skills and those needed for their job role. If soft skills are taught well, these skills should enable students to adapt to change more easily and progress further in their 【8】 career.

Of course, technical skills are important. But without the curriculum placing equal--- if not greater --- 【9】 on soft skills, our education systems are missing a huge trick. Hard skills may help a student get a job in a particular industry, but soft skills will help them disrupt it, achieving a wider 【10】 in their chosen field.

35、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

AI artwork sells for $432,500 — nearly 45 times its high【1】 — as Christie’s becomes the first auction house to offer a work of art created by an algorithm. This portrait, however, is not the product of a human mind. It was created by an【2】 intelligence, an algorithm defined by that algebraic formula with its many parentheses. And when it went under the【3】 in the Prints & Multiples sale at Christie’s on 23-25 October, Portrait of Edmond Belamy sold for an【4】 $432,500, signaling the arrival of AI art on the world auction stage.

From a distance, Portrait of Edmond de Belamy looks almost plausible. Up close, however, the paintwork becomes a grid of mechanical-looking dots, the man’s face a golden blur with black holes for eyes. Look into those eyes. They show no sign of feeling or life. Did a computer make this?

The answer is yes. The first artwork【5】 by AI to be sold at Christie’s, its【6】 price would seem to suggest that in future we will get computers to make art for us. Robot van Gogh will harmlessly cut its ear off and robot Picasso will be a genius.

Is this the future AI art visionaries such as the French collective Obvious, which programmed this “painter” by getting it to compare its own work with 15,000 pre-20th century portraits, have in mind? Or are they just, God forbid, making a fast buck from deceivable art collectors? Because believing the algorithm that knocked this up to be in any meaningful way an “artist” is like thinking your voice-interaction programme is out to get you. Dream on. Computers would need to replicate human consciousness before they could replicate the funny thing humans do called “art”.

Art is a way in which human 【7】 expresses itself, and is equally true of the earliest cave art, Rembrandt’s portraits and Duchamp’s urinal. And that is what is missing from Portrait of Edmond Bellamy. Art is a way humans communicate ideas, perceptions and feelings to each other. It has no 【8】 outside the human passion to communicate. So in what meaningful sense can an AI replica of certain【9】 traits of old master paintings be called art?

For a robot to really make art, it would need an autonomous mind that was emotional as well as【10】. No AI developer has yet claimed to be anywhere near achieving that and if they ever do, their creation will probably have better things to do than paint portraits — like destroy humanity.

Maybe afterwards robots will invent their own kind of art, but it won’t be some poor pastiche of human genius.

It will be beyond anything we organics could imagine.

36、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Smell the flowers before you go to sleep and you may just end up with rosy dreams. Have a whiff of rotten(腐烂的)eggs during the night and your dreams may be【1】(pleasant). So says researcher Dr. Boris Stuck, 【2】invited sleeping volunteers to a rose vs. rotten egg test in the University Hospital Mannheim in Germany. The subjects didn’t dream about roses【3】eggs, but rather he found that what they smelt affected the emotions of【4】(they) dreams.

And if you think【5】(smell) have a say in dreams, wait for what TV tells us. A UK study reveals that people exposed【6】black-and-white film and TV in their youth are to have monochromic(单色的)dreams throughout their life more【7】(probable). Eva Murzyn from the University of Dundee tested two age groups— one half 【8】(age) over 55 and【9】other half under 25.

The result? Under 5% of the dreams of the under-25s were in black and white. 【10】(watch)color TV in childhood seems to be the reason why.

37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

38、最近，“垃圾分类( rubbish classification)”成为中国媒体的热词。假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Steven想了解你所住小区垃圾分类的情况。请你写封邮件回复。内容包括：

1. 垃圾分类的重要性；

2. 垃圾分类的现状；

3. 你的观点。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Dear Steven,

I’m glad that you’re interested in what is happening in China. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

39、假定你是李华，你收到外国朋友Peter的邮件，他想了解你校在新冠疫情（COVID﹣19 epidemic）期间线上教学的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1．课程与时间；

2．你的学习状态；

3．你的期待。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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40、阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要

Paperless office was first coined in 1975. Four decades later, we’re still chasing the paperless office dream. Take the financial industry for example—it is one of the slower industries to hug digital transformation. Many financial institutions today still send out trade conformations by mail. I can tell you from first-hand experience that going paperless is by no means impossible. The Centric Digital office is a paperless work environment where all the office operations go digital, which has amazed our business partners.

Actually companies need to stress the benefits of a digital culture for communications. Going paperless can save time and money. You could say goodbye to costly repairs, office supply orders, wasted employee time and so on. Besides, forbidding paper in the office forces information to be 100% digital, where you can make endless amounts of backups (备份), which easily increase transparency(透明). Not to mention, top talents want to work for digital companies.

You might think the secret to a paperless company is purely technology. Well, not really. Thanks to products like iPads, smart-phones and cloud services, the ability to go paperless is highly accessible. Yet, even with all this technology, companies continue to rely on paper. It's not because they don’t have access to the technology, but because they’re lacking the politics, organizational structure and strong desire to change. In order to go paperless, companies need to change the way they think and operate. The decision needs to be made and cried out and everyone needs to work together to make it.

Yes, the paperless office has been a very long time in the making but it no longer has to be. With numerous amounts of software, services, apps and technology available today, the only thing we need to do is to make the decision to go paperless and see it through.

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41、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

“I’m going to miss you so much, Poppy,” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions get the better of him.

His parents were not quite able to control theirs. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed.

The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it,” he said. “I’ll see you back home in a month, okay?” His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boy’s mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”

The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didn’t.

They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried. “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. “We’ve tried everything.”

“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom. “Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Let’s get a little dog for Poppy.

It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging (摆动) ever so slowly, then faster as she caught the smell.

注意：

Para 1：Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.

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Para 2：A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from university.

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