衡水2024-2025学年第二学期期末教学质量检测试题(卷)高一英语

1、Here are four experiments we have to finish before June 6th, ________ two should be done in the wild.

A．of which

B．whose

C．in which

D．that

2、In some western countries， demand for graduates from MBA courses has______.

A.turned down B.turned over C.fallen down D.fallen over

3、The book I’d like to recommend is Fu Lei’s Family Letters, ________ Fu Lei shared his views about art and life.

A．that

B．which

C．where

D．who

4、Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ________ of their parents.

A. those   B. one   C. that   D. it

5、In Britain today women ________ 44% of the workers and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.

A.go up B.bring up C.hold up D.make up

6、Why! I have nothing to explain.        you want me to say?

A．What is it that

B．What it is that

C．How is it that

D．How it is that

7、She lived in two rooms over a teashop, ________ was convenient, since she could send for cakes if she had visitors.

A．where

B．in which

C．which

D．that

8、Japan is facing an ageing population, with the population ______ from the current 127 million to 90 million.

A. expecting to shrink   B. expected to shrink

C. expecting to have shrunk   D. expected to have shrunk

9、______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.

A．Having exposed

B．Being exposed

C．To expose

D．Exposed

10、_____ the yard, I found it _____ with lots of _____ leaves.

A. Entering; covering; fallen

B. Having entered; covered; falling

C. Entering; covering; falling

D. Entering; covered; fallen

11、-- Did Jim come?

-- I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.

A．might have come

B．might come

C．must have come

D．should have come

12、Only when ________hard________realize your dream of going to a key university.

A．do you study; you can

B．you study; you can

C．do you study; can you

D．you study; can you

13、After the actor was caught taking drugs, all the scenes in which he appeared in the film were___.

A.cut out B.cut down C.cut up D.cut off

14、—I am going to the library. Do you have any books_______?

—No, but thank you all the same.

A.to return B.returned C.to be returned D.returning

15、You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way.

A. until B. unless

C. as D. after

16、He is rich and brave. __________ is no wonder he is popular with girls.

A.There B.That C.It D.What

17、She’s late for work every day, but she still has the nerve to lecture me about ______.

A. punctuality   B. priority   C. preference   D. privilege

18、People all think it strange that the boy should tell what’s written on the paper in another room without looking at it. It really ________ explanation.

A. prevents   B. challenges   C. interrupts     D. confuses

19、— Did you remember to pay the telephone bill?

— The telephone bill? _____.

A．I mean it.

B．That isn’t due yet.

C．My telephone is out of order.

D．Please remember the amount.

20、— Can I pay the bill by check?

— Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash.

A. can B. shall C. must   D. need

21、Move Over, Selfish Gene

Evolution traditionally has a problem with nice people. If only the fittest individuals survive, then those who are nice to others at their own expense will surely be weeded out. Yet cooperation is widespread in nature, from plants alerting each other to danger to dolphins cooperating to round up fish.

A decades-old idea called kin selection can explain some of this: if organisms (生物) have enough DNA in common, then they can further their own selfish genes by helping one another. Bees and ants have a system of reproduction which leaves colony members so closely related that they act almost as a single super-organism. And among any sexually reproducing species, parental care helps individuals pass on their genes.

But kin selection cannot explain why humans are so nice to strangers. One idea is that we have evolved to be super-cooperative because, over time, more cooperative groups have outcompeted less cooperative ones. But there generally isn’t enough genetic variation between groups to allow natural selection to favor more cooperative ones.

Some researchers think the solution lies in an idea called cultural group selection. Forget shared genes, they argue. Selection can favor cooperative groups if the people within them share enough culture. The idea is controversial because to work it requires that groups remain culturally distinct. As critics point out, people tend to migrate (迁移) between groups, which should homogenize (使同质化) ideas and customs. Those who back the concept counter that groups have ways to maintain their distinct culture, including a process called norm (准则) enforcement. Put simply, if someone migrates into a new cultural group, they are pressured into following the local rules because failing to do so leads to punishment.

Earlier this year, Mathew and Handley at Arizona State University published a study testing the idea. They sampled 759 people from four ethnic groups in Kenya who compete intensively for land, water and livestock. The pair estimated that genetic differences between individuals from different groups was generally less than 15%. Cultural practices and beliefs varied much more, by 10% to 20%. People cooperated most with members of their own group, as cultural group selection predicts, and to a lesser extent with members of other groups whose norms most closely matched their own. That makes sense if culture rather than genetics is what matters. “I think this is one of the most explicit tests of cultural group selection theory so far,” says Mathew.

Not everyone is persuaded. Krasnow at Harvard University sees no theoretical flaw with the idea, but says that some of his research undermines it. He has found that people don’t just enforce the rules within their group, but also punish people from other groups who fail to follow their own group’s norms. Mathew counters that it is reasonable to enforce the norms on outsiders as a step towards incorporating (使并入) them into your cultural group. “This is often how empires expand,” she says.

【1】The example of bees and ants is used to ________.

A．highlight the significant role of reproduction

B．demonstrate the efficiency of a super-organism

C．reveal why parents care about their selfish genes

D．explain the cause of organisms helping one another

【2】For the idea of cultural group selection to work, a pre-condition is that ________.

A．cooperative groups have a larger chance of survival

B．genetic variations in the same cultural group are small

C．cultural differences are weakened with people migrating

D．cultural distinctiveness can be preserved with certain methods

【3】The text is developed mainly through ________.

A．sorting information into different topics

B．narrating events in time order

C．presenting doubts and exploring answers

D．discussing similarities and differences

【4】We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．culture plays a more significant role in choosing cooperators

B．being selfish is of vital importance for an individual to survive

C．Mathew’s study result contradicts what cultural group selection predicts

D．people joining a new group will be punished for not keeping their own culture

22、   As cars have gotten fancier, tiny computers, called microprocessors — commonly known as chips(芯片) — have been added to control many different parts of a car. Modern cars may have as many as 150 microprocessors.

Last year, many car makers had to close their factories because of COVID-19. Since they weren’t making cars, they cancelled many of their orders with chip makers, which forced the companies that made microprocessors to stop making so many chips for cars. They began selling lots of chips to other kinds of companies. For example, during the lockdown, many people bought computers and video game systems to help pass the time while they were stuck at home. This meant that companies which made computers and video game systems needed a lot of chips for their products. So now the demand for new vehicles has returned, but there aren’t nearly enough microprocessors.

One company that studies the car business says that the chip shortage has already caused car makers to produce 500,000 fewer cars. The company expects that number to drop by 300,000 more cars this year. Ford stopped making cars at its Kentucky factory in December, and has slowed up work at a factory in Germany. General Motors has decided to make fewer cars at its factories in Canada, Mexico, South Korea, and the United States. Honda and Nissan have stopped making cars at some of their factories. However, the problem has not affected the entire auto industry equally. Toyota says it diversified its supply chain and stored a huge number of components after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan. And Hyundai didn’t cancel any of its chip orders in 2020 due to COVID-19, so it is almost not affected. But the hit to the industry has been reported at $61 billion.

Another reason for the shortage is that there just aren’t many companies that make chips. Most of the large chip-making companies are in China.

Most experts think the bottleneck is expected to last for months.

【1】Why does the author mention computers and video game systems in Paragraph 2?

A．To explain why car makers lack chips.

B．To show they can help people kill time.

C．To warn they’ll do harm to car making.

D．To prove how important chips are to cars.

【2】What can be inferred about Toyota?

A．It produced new types of cars.

B．It cancelled many chip orders.

C．It prepared for supply chain failures.

D．It united Hyundai for chip shortage.

【3】What is the author’s attitude to the present chip supply?

A．Anxious.

B．Objective.

C．Tolerant.

D．Conservative.

【4】What is the suitable title for the text?

A．Automakers Promote Chip Production

B．Chip Shortage Becomes Common

C．Chip Development Is on the Way

D．Chip Shortage Hurts Car Makers

23、Fashion and Identity

For hundreds of years people have put some message in the type of clothing they wore. Long ago people started wanting to stand out from the “crowd” and be different from other people by means of changing their clothing. Some examples of these “standing out” became very popular and were followed by more people.【1】Nowadays, fashion has become a necessary part of one’s self-realization and clothing is basically a covering designed to be worn on a person’s body. This covering is a “necessity”, which brings a lot of variety into the lives of people and makes their image more complete.

The type of clothing completely depends on the person wearing it and becomes a reflection of personal identity. Lately, a lot is being heard about its meaning in the life of every single person on the planet. The choice of clothing is as important as identification through the color of hair, skin and gender. As every piece of clothing carries a strong message about its owner, every owner “nests” a certain value in it depending on his mindset or today’s mood. Therefore, the clothing of a person is a means of communication with the outside world.【2】

Clothes have a significant impact on the understanding of the people nearby as well as the person wearing them. For instance, a suit can make a person feel more confident and organized, which would eventually change even the gestures of the person. 【3】 Sometimes, fashion may play a vital role in a person’s life, especially when the person is applying for the job he wants. Fashion also creates a message that is required by a situation the person finds himself in. This can be simply proved by analyzing one’s reaction on people wearing different types of clothing.【4】 Thus, even the smallest companies make wearing a suit one of the requirements for their employees.

【5】 Fashion, with all its symbolism and features, form an outstanding base for personal and cultural identification. It is a part of the self-realization that is required for finding a place in life and has become a tool for achieving harmony with the inner world. The more diverse the society around us, the more fashion-trend will appear and surprise us.

A.Fashion helps us realize our dreams.

B.This was the moment when fashion appeared.

C.Fashion and identity are inseparable companions.

D.Clothing was designed to serve people in their daily life.

E.The preference is always given to people dressed in “business style”.

F.It is the way of telling people about the “state” and the “status” of its owner.

G.Wearing jeans after a suit may change the conduct of a person to a very casual one.

24、   Over the past five decades mosquito populations in parts of the U.S. have skyrocketed by a factor of 10-a situation with worrying implications for the spread of diseases. And some places are apparently more easily affected than others. A new study in the Journal of Medical Entomology found that in Baltimore, low-income neighborhoods bear the biggest burden: they have not only more mosquitoes but also larger ones, which often survive longer. The problem most likely is rooted in the fact that Baltimore has nearly 17,000 abandoned buildings, which are concentrated in economically disadvantaged areas and serve as convenient mosquito-breeding zones.

Compared with prosperous blocks, low-income blocks have more abandoned buildings and are more heavily littered with thrown-away containers that collect standing water. And water that pools in abandoned buildings is protected by shade-which helps mosquitoes grow larger. Some cities take efforts to plant trees in low-income blocks but may actually worsen the problem: trees and bushes not only shade outdoor breeding(繁殖) pools but also shed leaves into the water and feed the mosquito larvae(幼虫), helping them grow bigger. Worse still, climate change could worsen the disease landscape by broadening habitats and lengthening the time every summer that mosquitoes can breed and survive.

Cities may, then, need to focus more mosquito-control efforts on these areas. Urban health departments typically educate homeowners about the importance of emptying water out of outdoor containers. But nobody empties those in or around abandoned buildings. “It is something that is fairly difficult for a city to address because it’s really expensive to go into private belongings and clean them up,” says Dina Fonseca, a molecular ecologist at Rutgers University. Yet if these belongings become breeding grounds not only for annoying mosquitoes but also for dangerous diseases, officials’ concepts may need to change.

【1】What does the phrase “a factor of 10” in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A.A major cause. B.A high rate.

C.A big concern. D.A special situation.

【2】Why is the spread of diseases relatively more serious in poor neighborhoods in Baltimore?

A.Because people there lack the awareness of waste sorting.

B.Because people there pay little attention to water protection.

C.Because more thrown-away containers are collected for reuse there.

D.Because more abandoned buildings serve as habitats for mosquitoes there.

【3】Which of the following solutions is well-intentioned but may result in opposite effects?

A.Planting more trees. B.Changing officials’ ideas.

C.Emptying water containers. D.Cleaning abandoned buildings.

【4】What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A.To complain about the poor housing. B.To offer some treatments for diseases.

C.To appeal for mosquito-control efforts. D.To introduce a new species of mosquitoes.

25、When I was a four-year-old boy,my legs were amputated(截肢).This was my first lesson about the harsh realities of life.But the adversity gave me the _________to persevere when everyone else quit.

The following years zipped by,and seemingly in a single heartbeat,I _________ myself standing at the start line of the 2018 Chicago Marathon.Waiting for the starting gun,I stood there and _________ all that happened to put me on that _________.I started training seriously as a(an)_________ in August 2016.From the start,there was always training to be done and new goals to achieve.The lessons of overcoming and triumphing in the face of obstacles were_________ to me.

The gun cracked,and I _________ to run.The race dragged on ,and with about ten miles to go,my body started to feel the _________ of running for long.I felt slightly _________ as I thought I’d have to run another hour.But I knew this low moment would pass with each _________,so I reminded myself to smile and hang on.________,shortly after mile 22,I was making a right turn when a disaster _________—I stepped in a hole.As my head hit the pavement,my whole world went _________.

I didn’t know if it was seconds or minutes before I _________ myself with volunteers helping _________me off the ground.I felt dizzy.But I managed to_________ by myself and went on racing.When I _________ it to the 23-marker,I considered dropping out.But I knew I was strong enough to finish the race if I just stayed upright.

The _______ 2.2 miles was like a long trip across America.The dizziness was worse,my _________ was blacking out periodically, and my legs felt like lead _________,but I didn’t quit.Eventually, I crossed the finish line in three hours,and three minutes, 22 seconds--a new double amputee world record!

【1】

A．plan

B．curiosity

C．drive

D．attempt

【2】

A．committed

B．found

C．threw

D．kept

【3】

A．allowed for

B．rested against

C．reflected on

D．brought up

【4】

A．border

B．move

C．matter

D．line

【5】

A．runner

B．finalist

C．striker

D．instructor

【6】

A．unique

B．familiar

C．flexible

D．appropriate

【7】

A．continued

B．decided

C．started

D．managed

【8】

A．regrets

B．heats

C．shakes

D．impacts

【9】

A．despairing

B．annoyed

C．suspicious

D．frozen

【10】

A．point

B．mile

C．message

D．cheer

【11】

A．Strangely

B．Actually

C．Typically

D．Casually

【12】

A．followed

B．exploded

C．existed

D．struck

【13】

A．colorless

B．complicated

C．different

D．dark

【14】

A．focused on

B．came to

C．built up

D．care about

【15】

A．drag

B．turn

C．back

D．hang

【16】

A．balance

B．pretend

C．stretch

D．pace

【17】

A．got

B．carried

C．reached

D．made

【18】

A．extra

B．smooth

C．final

D．extended

【19】

A．intention

B．picture

C．vision

D．perseverance

【20】

A．weights

B．materials

C．attachments

D．balloons

26、Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers

More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.

As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.

To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands, visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.

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