牡丹江2024-2025学年第二学期期末教学质量检测试题(卷)高一英语

1、I remember ___ for the job , but I forgot the exact amount .

A.to pay B.paying C.to have paid D.being paid

2、I was being _____ for a driving license for the third time.

A.desired B.tested C.taken D.asked

3、________ good, the food was sold out soon.

A．Tasting

B．Tasted

C．Being tasted

D．Taste

4、The new mayor, who adored ________ to the volleyball match, didn’t approve ________ the new building plans at the meeting.

A. to go; of discussing B. to go; discussing

C. going; of discussing D. going; to discuss

5、TV satellite dishes are often seen _______ in the remote areas when you drive along the mountainous highway.

A.to distribute B.distributed C.distributing D.distribute

6、Parents are under a(n)   to educate their children.

A. responsibility B. duty

C. liability D. obligation

7、Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep  relationships wouldn't even exist   it weren't for casual conversation.

A.although B.when C.if D.unless

8、By the time he gets to the airport, I think we ____ for London.

A. have left B. will leave

C. will have left D. had left

9、The red umbrella is among the black ones.

A．distinct

B．delicate

C．diverse

D．desperate

10、Only when he grew up did he ________ the effects of his father’s action.

A．aware

B．aware of

C．become aware

D．become aware of

11、The companies are working together to create _________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

A．which

B．that

C．one

D．what

12、It is obvious that regular exercise is a key _________ of a healthy life.

A.drawback B.circumstance C.statistics D.component

13、 ______ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ______ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.

A．What; whom

B．What; whose

C．It; whose

D．As; whom

14、All rights ______ , no one is allowed to copy or use this paper for other commercial purposes.

A.preserved B.observed C.deserved D.reserved

15、We had a long way to go, and the snowstorm ________ our difficulties.

A.referred to B.added to

C.belonged to D.turned to

16、His success ________ a craze for choosing economy as the major.

A.set in motion B.put into operation C.set in action D.put in practice

17、It was in the small mountain village _______ they used to live _______ my parents got married.

A.that; that B.where; where C.where; that D.that; where

18、In the process of getting rid of racial________,the USA is left far behind.

A.discrimination B.compromise C.substitute D.disadvantage

19、Germany ______ war on France on August 3rd, 1914.

A.discussed B.opened C.happened D.declared

20、This kind of robot has been ______ for cleaning the floors, which is popular in our city.

A.signed B.sold C.sung D.designed

21、We ________ be seen by AI as a small inconvenience that is in the way of the solution to a bigger problem.

A．could

B．should

C．need

D．dare

22、Neither believe nor reject anything because any other person has rejected or believed it. Which of the following differs from the statement in meaning?

A.Do not accept blindly other people’s likes or dislikes without careful independent thought.

B.One must think for oneself rather than simply seek agreement with others.

C.Don’t express your opinion hastily on anything others have commented on carefully.

D.We shouldn’t be influenced by others’ opinions easily while making our own judgement.

23、Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you ________ contain the words you ask for.

A.where B.who C.which D.as

24、It is a truth well known to all ______China has become one of the strongest countries in the world.

A.where B.which C.that D.who

25、We’re doing our best to keep the virus under control and we will not ________ those people who need us the most at this time.

A.abandon B.applaud C.astonish D.acknowledge

26、Philadelphia's Magic Gardens makes up a folk art center, gallery space, and a nonprofit organization showcasing the works of mosaicist（镶嵌设计师）Isaiah Zagar.

Zagar devoted himself to beautifying the South Street neighborhood in the late 1960s, when he moved to the area with his wife Julia. The couple helped the area by purchasing and repairing some old buildings, often adding colorful mosaics on both their private and public walls. The first such project was Julia's still-busy folk art store, the Eyes Gallery at 402 South Street.

Zagar started working on the Magic Gardens in 1994 in the deserted parking lot near his studio. He spent the next fourteen years sculpting multi-layered walls and decorating the 3, 000 square foot space. The installation（装置艺术），primarily consisting of found objects and contributions from the community, finally covers half a city block with countless patterns and colors. It shows Zagar's many artistic influences, as well as the events and experiences of his life.

In 2002，the owner of the once-unused parking lot decided to sell the land in response to rising South Street property values. Unwilling to witness the destruction of Zagar's neighborhood art environment, the community rushed to support the artist. His creation, newly titled Philadelphia's Magic Gardens, turned into a nonprofit organization with the intention of preserving and promoting Zagar's works at the site of the Magic Gardens and throughout the South Street region.

The Magic Gardens is now a permanent art institution that is open to visitors throughout the year. Trained guides are available to lead tours of the Magic Gardens and Zagar's surrounding public wall paintings. In addition, it offers monthly mosaic workshops led by Zagar himself, and regularly hosts concerts, dance performances, and other public events.

【1】How did Zagar help the South Street neighborhood?

A．He moved to the area with his family.

B．He worked to improve its surroundings.

C．He opened a folk art store with his wife.

D．He managed to buy all the old buildings.

【2】What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?

A．Great achievements of Zagar.

B．Special skills of installing art.

C．Location of the Magic Gardens

D．Early history of the Magic Gardens.

【3】What do the local residents think of Zagar's works?

A．They harm environment.

B．They can bring in profits.

C．They should be removed.

D．They are precious treasures.

【4】What can tourists do in Philadelphia's Magic Gardens?

A．Paint the walls on the spot.

B．Put on music performances.

C．Enjoy some Zagar's works.

D．Attend some dance courses.

27、   Scientists at the University of Bonn carried out extensive research to show that the water-drops rolling off a lotus（莲花）leaf carry away dirt，leaving the surface perfectly clean. This phenomena has been named the "Lotus Effect" and works best on rough surfaces.

Contrary to popular belief，lotus leaves are not smooth at all. When examined under a powerful microscope，the leaf cells show a bumpy surface. That makes the surface rough. As a result，dirt rests only on the tips of the wax crystals（蜡晶体）covering the leaf surface. The roughness reduces the contact area between the dirt and the leaf surface. A rough surface structure with wax crystals makes it impossible for water to stick. Due to the friction（摩擦力），the water contracts at once. It forms round waterdrops to minimize the contact area with the rough，waxy leaf surface and runs off the leaf very quickly. Since the dirt only rests on the tips of the wax crystals they stick more strongly to the waterdrops than to the leaf surfaces. They are washed away when the water falls on the leaves.

On smooth leaves，the dirt is pushed from one part of the leaf to the other. This is because the dirt has a larger contact area where they can rest comfortably on the flat surface. We must also keep in mind that water usually spreads and only partially runs off the leaves-that too，only if the leaf is tilted！The dirt may get driven，but they are mainly displaced from one side of the leaf to the other.

Scientists say that the "Lotus Effect" is particularly beneficial for it helps to protect the lotus leaves from harmful bacteria. The dirt on the leaves often contains tiny disease causing fungi and bacteria. While most of the bacteria get washed off，the few that remain eventually die since they do not get the water they require for survival and growth.

【1】What is “Lotus Effect”？

A.The self-cleaning feature of lotus leaves.

B.The lotus surfaces' ability to kill harmful bacteria.

C.The dirt leaving off lotus leaves with the help of wind.

D.Lotus leaves making waterdrops from the dirt on them.

【2】What does the underlined word "bumpy" in paragraph 2 probobaly mean?

A.Flat. B.Bended.

C.Flexible. D.Rough

【3】Why are waterdrops unable to stay on lotus leaves?

A.The rough and waxy leaf surface reduces the friction.

B.The smooth leaf surface makes waterdrops roll down.

C.The contact area between drops and leaves is too large.

D.The waterdrops fall on the leaves at a too high speed.

【4】What is the benefit of “Lotus Effect” ?

A.It can help the lotus grow healthily.

B.It can protect the lotus from sunshine.

C.It can make the bacteria more and stronger.

D.It can help the lotus leaves keep the required water.

28、Harry Potter and the Cursed Child Tickets

Lyric Theatre 214 West 43rd Street New York,NY 10036

Experience J.K.Rowling’s magical universe like never before.

This show is presented in two parts.

You may buy tickets for each part together or separately.

Show Information

GalaPro,a free app for on-demand captioning(说明文字)and audio description that you can use on your personal smartphone device.GalaPro makes theatre accessible for audience who are hearing or sight challenged,or just don’t want to miss a word of the show.

【1】What age range is the play intended for?

A.Ages 4 and up. B.Ages 10 and up. C.Ages 4 to 15. D.Ages 10 to 15.

【2】What can we learn from the passage?

A.The cursed child refers to J.K.Rowling.

B.The whole play lasts 5 hours and 35 mins.

C.Latecomers will not be admitted to the theater.

D.Audience might take different seats during the play.

【3】What is GalaPro according to the passage?

A.A special caption. B.A handy application. C.An audio description. D.A smartphone device.

29、Will there be an outbreak of bird flu that threatens humans? Many experts disagree on when or whether a human pandemic (大流行病) will occur, but do say there is a chance that the virus could mutate(变异), leading to widespread infection.【1】Here’s what you need to know to help keep yourself healthy.

Stock up on food, water and household supplies. If there is a bird flu pandemic, you'll want to minimize your chance of catching it by staying indoors; you might even be required to stay home if the government asks that people remain in quarantine (隔离期). You’d better stock up today on at least 2-week worth of essentials such as water, food, emergency and medical supplies. 【2】

Have an outbreak plan. It may feel odd or uncomfortable to talk to family members and loved ones about the worst-case pandemic scenario. But if that scenario strikes, you’ll all be much better off if you have a plan decided on and ready. 【3】 Figure out how you would care for them and what your first response and responsibilities would be; this is an especially important conversation to have with those with special care needs.

【4】 Things like keeping a balanced diet, exercising regularly and getting sufficient rest can help keep you healthy in an outbreak and also keep you from catching the common cold. Particularly in a flu outbreak situation, it will be important to wash our hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Be diligent about covering coughs and sneezes with tissues.

Moreover, know your essential health information such as blood type, allergies, and past or current medical conditions. Make a list of that essential information for all the members of your family. 【5】 And do make sure everyone in your household knows where to find it.

A．Work out regularly to stay slim.

B．Pick up the habits of healthy behavior.

C．It is wise to keep it somewhere safe and visible.

D．It’s important to ask yourself these questions before a pandemic occurs.

E．Talk with your friends and family about how you’d respond to an epidemic.

F．In that case, the best thing you can do right now is to prepare for that possibility.

G．That will help you get through an extended time at home if an outbreak happens.

30、   I am from Indonesia. I was very happy when my sister Vera ____ helped me apply to a school in Provo，USA. Meanwhile，I felt ____，because it was my first time to go to another country which uses a different language. However，I knew it was a good ____ to study in the US.

I left my hometown for Singapore on April 23，at 6:00 pm. It took me 20 minutes by taxi to Changi Airport. The taxi driver ____ me about the cost. I was supposed to pay him ＄ 12，but he charged me ＄ 22. I had already ____ that at that time，but I didn’t want to make any ____ because I was alone in another country.

Unfortunately，the Northwest Airlines counter was ____ . A security guard told me the counter would open at 4 o’clock in the morning，but my ____ time would be 6:00 am and what made me ____ was that I didn’t have a ticket in my hands.____ ，my sister had already booked an online ticket，but I needed to get the ____ at the airline counter.____ ，I could do nothing about that until the next day. Waiting at the airport was so ____ . So I went into a cafeteria. I stayed up the whole night ____ the aircraft would be gone when I ____ .

While waiting，I decided to take some pictures for ____ . I met a new friend named AL Corpus there. He told me about his experience when he arrived in the US for the first time. He  ____ me what I would need to do to enter the United States. He was very ____ and friendly.  Finally，I arrived in Provo ____ . Now whenever I think of the trip，I feel happy because I had many unforgettable ____ on my trip to Provo.

【1】A. gradually B. successfully C. occasionally D. usually

【2】A. nervous B. interested C. unhappy D. sad

【3】A. adventure B. possibility C. choice D. dream

【4】A. informed B. charged C. supported D. cheated

【5】A. realized B. forgotten C. admitted D. forgiven

【6】A. plan B. mistake C. decision D. trouble

【7】A. closed B. damaged C. stopped D. protected

【8】A. arrangement B. flight C. entrance D. meeting

【9】A. angry B. relaxed C. careful D. anxious

【10】A. Suddenly B. Especially C. Actually D. Finally

【11】A. ticket B. admission C. change D. notice

【12】A. Meanwhile B. Besides C. However D. Therefore

【13】A. exciting B. interesting C. silly D. boring

【14】A. for fear that B. in order that C. as if D. even if

【15】A. expected B. awoke C. understood D. returned

【16】A. convenience B. memories C. imagination D. responsibilities

【17】A. called B. offered C. wished D. taught

【18】A. careful B. hopeful C. helpful D. thankful

【19】A. politely B. safely C. simply D. hurriedly

【20】A. experiences B. difficulties C. chances D. advantages

31、   In 1984, I, a passionate student, was beading for the university with the dream of sitting on a Supreme Count bench somewhere. Twenty-one years later I am still a passionate _______ and one with quite a different tale to tell.

My grandma, a(n)_______ woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she_______ cancer. I made the choice to _______ from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to _______.

Then I got married with another _______: building my family with a combination of adopted and _______ children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then _______ son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.

You can imagine how _______ occupied I became, raising four boys on my own. Our home was a complete zoo—joyous zoo. Not surprising. I never did ____________ it back to college full-time. ____________ I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant ____________ as few as one class each semester.

The hardest part was feeling ____________about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There ____________ were times when I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set a(n)____________ for them to follow through the rest of their lives.

In 2006, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my ____________ degree!

I am not special, just singe-minded. It always ____________me that when you’re looking at a big challenge from the ____________ it looks huge, but when you're in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won’t arrive in our life on one day. It's a ____________ Remember: little steps ____________big dreams.

【1】A. dreamer B. graduate C. mother D. lawyer

【2】A. humorous B. attractive C. intelligent D. amazing

【3】A. delivered B. possessed C. developed D. produced

【4】A. withdraw B. escape C. drop D. free

【5】A. cancel B. reach C. wait D. start

【6】A. ambition B. deal C. dream D. conclusion

【7】A. ecological B. psychological C. physical D. biological

【8】A. accompanied B. followed C. involved D. engaged

【9】A. fully B. mostly C. hardly D. busily

【10】A. return B. give C. make D. get:

【11】A. Or B. So C. Though D. But

【12】A. changing B. taking C. shifting D. setting

【13】A. concerned B. guilty C. determined D. angry

【14】A. with certainty B. by coincidence C. at random D. in case

【15】A. goal B. motivation C. example D. image

【16】A. graduate B. doctor C. master D. bachelor

【17】A. dawns B. strikes C. occurs D. sticks

【18】A. upside B. middle C. outside D. inside

【19】A. process B. life C. choice D. destiny

【20】A. turn to B. add to C. build up D. add up to

32、Precious family moments

When  our three children were small, and I'd _______  after baths for the thousandth time,  pick wet towels (毛巾) off the floor, squeeze water out of yellow rubber ducks and call the kids to come back and brush their____, I often thought of Someday.

Someday I'd do something____.

When I read bedtime stories, the same stories I'd read so many times that I knew them from ___, my brain froze from the repetition, and my mind wandered to Someday.

Someday life wouldn't be so____.

When I___ a pound of frozen ground (压碎的) beef, considering my two standard options of pizza or salad, trying to remember when we last had what, I thought of Someday.

Someday I'd be____.

Then one day I had an epiphany (顿悟). I wasn't___ who was going to leave  something important on the world or build an____. But I was just doing something important on this family, and I already had an empire. It was right under my nose, tucked in (盖好被子的) bed by 8 o'clock.

The Someday I often dreamed about was being shaped by all the todays and____.

I was doing something important. Caring for children, creating family and trying to make a home that is a sanctuary (庇护所) from a _________  world are some of the most important things a person can do.

Creativity? We didn't always have ground beef. Sometimes we had chicken or fish. It wasn't the food that _______; it was being together around the table, the conversation, the laughing and the____.

As for routine (日常琐事), no routine stays the____. But even as the routine changes, basics are taught -  the fact that choices matter because choices become_______, and habits become a way of being, and that is___ character takes root.

The things that matter are that you're_____ and knowing how to love others, being generous, extending charity, working hard and recovering after ______  and sufferings are   learned little by little, one day at___ time.

Someday is___ than you think.

【1】A.have a bath B.clean up C.check on D.look after

【2】A.tooth B.teeth C.body D.hair

【3】A.important B.different C.big D.boring

【4】A.movies B.schools C.memory D.others

【5】A.uninteresting B.dark C.hard D.easy

【6】A.watched B.smelled C.stared at D.glanced at

【7】A.happy B.miserable C.creative D.suffering

【8】A.one B.parent C.another D.other

【9】A.factory B.home C.city D.empire

【10】A.tomorrows B.yesterday C.past D.now

【11】A.beautiful B.dangerous C.delighted D.successful

【12】A.tasted B.influenced C.mattered D.worked

【13】A.crying B.separation C.connecting D.eating

【14】A.different B.easy C.creative D.same

【15】A.habits B.results C.life D.problem

【16】A.what B.how C.which D.who

【17】A.hated B.hating C.loved D.loving

【18】A.failures B.happiness C.sadness D.diseases

【19】A.a B.the C.all D.good

【20】A.worse B.better C.harder D.easier

33、   A woman who built a hit _________ with her video game skills has been recognized as the world’s oldest YouTube _________ - at the age of 90. Hamako Mori, _________ as “Gamer Grandma” to her 250,000 YouTube _________, started gaming 39 years ago. Her YouTube channel launched in 2015, and she _________ to four videos a month.

In her videos, she does everything from unboxing new equipment to _________ her gaming skills. And now Mori, who counts the “Grand Theft Auto” series among her favorites, is officially the world’s _________ gaming YouTuber, according to Guinness World Records.

“_________ living for this long, I feel more than ever that _________ for this long was the right choice. I am truly enjoying my life-it’s __________,” Mori said in a media release from Guinness World Records.

Mori maintains a sharp sense of __________ in her videos, who may share some funny things, __________ BBC reporters. They also offer a video on her life: In “90-year-old grandma plays Dauntless” - which has more than 3 million __________ - Mori __________ candles on her birthday cake before vlogging her take on the monster battling game.

“I’m going to play ‘Dauntless’ today,” she says. “After I started playing this, it was such fun, and I couldn’t __________. I can’t look at any other __________ - it’s all about this one ... sometimes I __________ playing until 2 a.m.”

Mori has also collected __________ game machines over the decades. The first one she owned was Cassette Vision, which was __________ in Japan on July 30, 1981. “It looked like so much fun, and I thought it’s not __________ if only children played it,” Mori said.

A．offline

B．overseas

C．abroad

D．online

A．looker

B．gamer

C．visitor

D．teacher

A．reported

B．interviewed

C．known

D．played

A．fans

B．students

C．friends

D．gamers

A．gives up

B．looks up

C．adds up

D．posts up

A．making

B．teaching

C．broadcasting

D．giving

A．oldest

B．youngest

C．funniest

D．cutest

A．Before

B．After

C．When

D．As

A．playing games

B．painting

C．fishing

D．living

A．terrible

B．boring

C．wonderful

D．plain

A．humor

B．achievement

C．satisfaction

D．delight

A．according to

B．as to

C．leading to

D．in order to

A．watches

B．views

C．talks

D．looks

A．turn over

B．turn up

C．blow up

D．blow out

A．continue

B．begin

C．stop

D．wait

A．games

B．magazines

C．books

D．videos

A．end with

B．start over

C．end in

D．end up

A．the number of

B．a number of

C．a kind of

D．an amount of

A．released

B．chosen

C．talked

D．showed

A．lucky

B．fair

C．avoidable

D．reasonable

34、根据句意填空

In the USA, the Amish-a Christian group-are famous because they drive 【1】 instead of cars, do not use TVs or refrigerators, and do not have personal telephones. Many people assume the Amish must have 【2】 reasons for their many rules, but this is not true. In truth, whenever a new technology is introduced, the Amish meet and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. They then vote on whether they will accept it. The Amish 【3】 cars because they like having 【4】 communities where everyone lives close together. They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity-they do not think it is necessary and 【5】 dealing with strangers, such as the people who work at the electric company.

35、Directions: Complete the following sentences by using the proper form of the words or expressions given in the frame. Each one can only be used once.

Why your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems?  Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password? What about “adgjmptw”? An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most 【1】 used, which of course means they are not secure at all.

When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet，they appeared to 【2】that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they are also completely pointless.

While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”，there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to【3】. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.

“Users are becoming slightly more 【4】what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”

But 【5】no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this and in 20 percent of those all people did was put the number “1” at the end.

Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to 【6】 their mobile phone with an account, having a single use passwords texted to it each time they want to log on.

Although the serviced is voluntary, Dylan Casey an executive at Yahoo!，said that it was “the first step to【7】passwords”. He said it was a(n)【8】that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.

It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than same people’s improving upon “password” by using “password” or，“tran5p053d numb3r5 f0r 133tr3r5”.

“We are, for the most part，predictably【9】when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups” said WP Engine. “We love taking a(n) 【10】, and so do password crackers.

36、Directions: Fill in each blank to make the passage make sense and well connected in writing style. The initial letter of each word has been given. (please write each answer in a COMPLETE word on the answer card.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

In Congress, July 4, 1776

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should d【1】 the causes which impel them to the separation.

We h【2】 these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created e【3】, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable R【4】, that among these are life, L【5】, and the pursuit of Happiness.

That to secure these rights, g 【6】 are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the P 【7】 to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, l【8】 its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such f【9】, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariable the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their d 【10】, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

38、假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Mason最近发邮件询问新冠肺炎爆发期间你在家学习的情况，请根据以下要点用英语给他回复。

1．你是怎么学习的；

2．遇到问题时，你是怎么解决的；

3．你的感受和愿望是什么。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：新冠肺炎 COVID-19；流行病 epidemic

Dear Mason,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

39、假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom听说在中国通过扫描二维码（scan QR codes）就可以轻松实现移动支付（mobile payment），感到不可思议。请你写封邮件告知移动支付在中国的相关情况。内容包括：

1. 移动支付在日常生活中的功能；

2. 移动支付对我们生活的影响。

注意:

1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

40、假设你是某中学的学生李华，你校拟选拔一批优秀学生，利用暑假到某小学为学生辅导英语，你希望参加此活动。根据以下提示，请你用英语给校评选小组写一封申请信，要求如下：

1.此活动对自己，对辅导学生的好处；

2.个人优点，如性格、语言能力；

3.你的辅导计划。

注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

2.词数100左右（开头已经给出，但不计入总词数）。

Dear Sir or Madam，

I am Li Hua from Class One，Senior Two.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

41、假如你叫李华，一名池州一中的学生，同时也是环境保护的志愿者。请根据以下内容为《池州日报》写一封英文倡议书，倡议池州市区中学生选择共享单车作为交通工具。倡议书内容：

1. 私家车、出租车和公交车的普及使用增加了道路负担，加剧环境污染；

2. 选择共享单车出行的好处；

3. 提出呼吁。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头已给出，但不计入总词数。

注：共享单车 a shared bike

Dear Fellow Students,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua