自贡2024-2025学年第二学期期末教学质量检测试题(卷)高三英语

1、They had to buy their own copies rather than waiting to borrow ________.

A．it

B．that

C．this

D．one

2、The website provides local reports. ______, visitors can download pictures of the city.

A．In addition

B．As usual

C．According to

D．In addition to

3、I up my mind about what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled.

A．have made

B．had made

C．was making

D．would make

4、Auto companies are taking a(n) ______ approach toward introducing electric cars until they better understand the market.

A.casual B.enthusiastic C.considerate D.cautious

5、Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, _________ university graduates to start their own business.

A. encouraging

B. to encourage

C. having encouraged

D. encouraged

6、As senior three students, we had better follow the ________as much as possible from our teachers and parents; although they are a bit nagging（唠叨）, indeed we are expected to make _________ in all aspects.

A．advice; progress

B．advices; progress

C．advices; progresses

D．advice; progresses

7、—Do you know what is on recently?

—Sorry, I don’t know, but I’ll go and ________.

A. find out   B. take out   C. figure out     D. watch out

8、It’s really dangerous to work on the roof. ________, you should take care of yourself.

A．Therefore

B．However

C．Otherwise

D．Yet

9、--- Hello, I ________ to ask if I can book a flight ticket to London tomorrow?

--- Sorry, we’ve already sold out.

A.phone

B.will phone

C.am phoning

D.have phoned

10、 Although this kind of vegetable tastes   , yet it is rich in nutrition and good for your health.

A. bitter   B. bitterly

C. delicious  D. deliciously

11、The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if ______ for television, would be a hit.

A. adapted   B. being adapted

C. to be adapted   D. having been adapted

12、---So you gave Mary your dictionary?

---_______．She said she’d return it to me when she could afford her own.

A． You bet   B． My pleasure

C． No doubt D． Not exactly

13、______you may have，you should gather your courage to face the challenge.

A. However a serious problem

B. What a serious problem

C. However serious a problem

D. What serious a problem

14、Don’t be angry with us. We ____ with you together, but we were busy with our final reports when you called in.

A. would eat out B. must have eaten out

C. should eat out D. could have eaten out

15、—I’d been standing there for several minutes before he ________ my presence.

—He must have been absorbed in his reading.

A.neglected B.maintained C.registered D.revealed

16、---Without smart phones, people closer to each other.

---Er, it seems to be high tech that has widened the distance between people.

A. be   B.was   C.is   D.would be

17、—You look so tired. You__________late last night.

—Yes, I had to finish an important report last night so I didn't sleep at all.

A．could sleep

B．should have slept

C．may sleep

D．must have slept

18、Everyone hopes to land a job ________ his potential can be fully discovered and realized.

A．that

B．which

C．where

D．what

19、--- How did he lose much weight?

--- _____ eating less, he walked ten miles every day.

A. In terms of B. In spite of

C. With regard to D. Apart from

20、—Did you see ________ man in ________ black pass by just now?

— No, sir. I was reading a newspaper.

A．the; the B．the; a   C．a; the   D．a; /

21、Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.

Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.

Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.

Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.

In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10.

Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.

Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.

He study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.

【1】The new study found that ________.

A. violence leaves scars on a child’s mind

B. hardship can change a child’s aging

C. violence can speed up a child’s aging

D. hardship has a long-term effect on a child’s mind

【2】According to the text, telomeres ________.

A. can make a cell die quickly

B. can help prevent DNA from separating

C. become shorter before they die

D. are at the ends of people’s chromosomes

【3】All of the following things can shorten telomeres EXCEPT ________.

A. smoking  B. cell division  C. maltreatment  D. doing exercise

【4】Which of the following is TRUE, according to the text?

A. Violence can cause quick cell division in children’s body.

B. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.

C. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres from their legs in the study.

D. Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.

【5】Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Violence Ages Children’s DNA

B. Children’s Changing DNA Patterns

C. Violence and Telomeres

D. the Function of Telomeres

22、Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it’s just plain easier. Make that “energetically less costly,” in science-speak.

Bipedalism — walking on two feet — is one of the defining characteristics of being human, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimpanzees to walk on treadmill while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles. That measurement of the energy needed to move round was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week’s online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one quarter of the energy that chimpanzees use while knuckle-walking on four limbs. And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.

However, there were differences among chimpanzees in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different gaits and anatomy. One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.

“What we were surprised at was the variation,” he said in telephone interview. “That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”

Walking, on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to manipulating the world, Raichlen said. “We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids down the path to being human.”

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.

【1】The underlined word “Bipedalism” means .

A．moving sideways

B．walking upright

C．walking on four legs

D．running fast

【2】Why did chimpanzees wear masks in the experiment?

A．Masks protect chimpanzees from any harm.

B．Masks help chimpanzees walk steadily.

C．There was heavy smoke in the room.

D．Masks helped to measure how much oxygen chimpanzees consumed.

【3】We can infer that scientists .

A．have no idea on how human walking on two legs came about

B．have had different views on why chimpanzees walk on four legs

C．have had different views on how human walking on two legs came about

D．have had similar views on how human walking on two legs came about

【4】What does the fourth paragraph mainly deal with?

A．How did chimpanzees save energy?

B．Why didn’t chimpanzees walk on two legs?

C．David Raichlen researched into chimpanzees.

D．Different chimpanzees consume different energy.

【5】According to the passage humans walk upright in order to .

A．conserve energy

B．differ from other animals

C．free their brains

D．strengthen their legs

23、Science fiction often presents us with planets that speak a single language. However, that humans can express themselves in several thousand languages is a delight. Few would welcome the loss of this variety.

Unfortunately, the days in which English shares the planet with thousands of other languages are numbered. A traveler to the future is likely to notice two things about the language landscape of Earth. One, there will be fewer languages. Two, languages will be less complicated than they are today.

By 2115, it’s possible that only about 600 languages will be left on the planet as opposed to today's 6,000. Too often, colonization (殖民) has led to the disappearance of languages: Native speakers are punished for using their own languages. Urbanization has only furthered the destruction by bringing people away from their homelands to cities where a single language rules.

In addition, it is easy for speakers to associate larger languages with opportunities and smaller ones with backwardness. Consequently , people stop passing on smaller languages to their children.

There are diligent efforts to keep endangered languages from dying. Sadly, few are likely to lead 10 communities' raising children in the languages, which is the only way the languages exist as their full selves.

Instead, many communities create new versions of the languages, with smaller vocabularies and simpler grammar. The Irish Gaelic (盖尔语) proudly spoken by today's English-Gaelic bilinguals (会说两种语言的人) is an example.

We may regret the eclipse of a world where 6,000 different languages are spoken, but fortunately, it seems a large amount of linguistic diversity will be preserved.

【1】Paragraphs 3 to 5 mainly talk about________

A．the ways of saving endangered languages

B．the influence urbanization will have on languages

C．the factors that will lead lo there being fewer languages

D．the reasons why parents don't teach their children smaller languages

【2】According to the article, the birth of the Irish Gaelic probably resulted from the effort to old ________.

A．promote Irish culture

B．prevent Gaelic from disappearing

C．attract more people to learn Gaelic

D．boost trades between Ireland and other countries

【3】What does the underlined word “eclipse" probably mean in the last paragraph?

A．Loss.

B．Circulation.

C．Appearance.

D．Structure.

【4】What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．The ways to learn future languages.

B．The evolution of languages over the coming century.

C．The importance of preserving language diversity.

D．The efforts linguists have made to save endangered languages.

24、  A four-year-old girl sees three biscuits divided between a stuffed crocodile and a teddy bear．The crocodile gets two; the bear one．“Is that fair?” asks the experimenter．The girl judges that it is not．“How about now?” asks the experimenter, breaking the bear’s single biscuit in half．The girl cheers up: “Oh yes, now it’s fair．They both have two．” Strangely, children feel very strongly about fairness, even when they hardly understand it．

  Adults care about fairness too --- but how much? One way to find out is by using the ultimatum (最后通牒) game, created by economist Werner Guth．Jack is given a pile of money and proposes how it should be divided with Jill．Jill can accept Jack’s “ultimatum”, otherwise the deal is off, and neither gets anything．

  Suppose Jack and Jill don’t care about fairness, just about accumulating cash．Then Jack can offer Jill as little as he likes and Jill will still accept．After all, a little money is more than no money．But imagine, instead, that Jack and Jill both care only about fairness and that the fairest outcome is equality．Then Jack would offer Jill half the money; and Jill wouldn’t accept otherwise．

  What happens when we ask people to play this game for real? It turns out that people value fairness a lot．Anyone offered less than 20-30% of the money is likely to reject it．Receiving an unfair offers makes us feel sick．Happily, most offers are pretty equitable; indeed, by far the most common is a 50-50 split．

  But children, and adults, also care about a very different sort of (un)fairness, namely cheating．Think how many games of snakes and ladders have ended in arguments when one child “accidentally” miscounts her moves and another child objects．But this sense of fairness isn’t about equality of outcome: games inevitably have winners and losers．Here, fairness is about playing by the rules．

  Both fairness-as-equality and fairness-as-no-cheating matter．Which is more important: equality or no-cheating? I think the answer is neither．The national lottery(彩票), like other lotteries, certainly doesn’t make the world more equal: a few people get rich and most people get nothing．Nevertheless, we hope, it is fair --- but what does this mean? The fairness-as-no-cheating viewpoint has a ready answer: a lottery is fair if it is conducted according to the “rules”．But which rules? None of us has the slightest idea, I suspect．Suppose that buried in the small print at lottery HQ is a rule that forbids people with a particular surname (let’s say, Moriarty)．So a Ms Moriarty could buy a ticket each week for years without any chance of success．

  How would she react if she found out? Surely with anger: how dare the organisers let her play, week after week, without mentioning that she couldn’t possibly win! She’d reasonably feel unfairly treated because ___________________．

  To protest(抗议) against unfairness, then, is to make an accusation of bad faith．From this viewpoint, an equal split between the crocodile and the bear seems fair because (normally, at least), it is the only split they would both agree to．But were the girl to learn that the crocodile doesn’t like biscuits or that the bear isn’t hungry, I suspect she’d think it perfectly fair for one toy to take the whole．Inequality of biscuits (or anything else) isn’t necessarily unfair, if both parties are happy．And the unfairness of cheating comes from the same source: we’d never accept that someone else can unilaterally(单方面地) violate agreements that we have all signed up to．

  So perhaps the four-year-old’s intuitions(直觉) about fairness is the beginnings of an understanding of negotiation．With a sense of fairness, people will have to make us acceptable offers (or we’ll reject their ultimatums) and stick by the (reasonable) rules, or we’ll be on the warpath．So a sense of fairness is crucial to effective negotiation; and negotiation, over toys, treats etc, is part of life．

【1】It can be inferred that in the ultimatum game, _____．

A． Jack keeps back all the money

B． Jill can negotiate fair division with Jack

C． Jack has the final say in the division of money

D． Jill has no choice but to accept any amount of money

【2】From Paragraph 2 to 4, we can conclude _____．

A． people will sacrifice money to avoid unfairness

B． fairness means as much to adults as to children

C． something is better than nothing after all

D． a 30-70 split is acceptable to the majority

【3】Which of the following does fairness-as-no-cheating apply to?

A． divisions of housework

B． favoritism between children

C． banned drugs in sport

D． schooling opportunities

【4】Which of the following best fits in the blank in Paragraph 7?

A． the lottery didn’t follow the rules

B． she was cheated out of the money

C． the lottery wasn’t equal at all

D． she would never have agreed to those rules

【6】The chief factor in preventing unfairness is to _____．

A． observe agreements

B． establish rules

C． strengthen morality

D． understand negotiation

【6】The main purpose of the passage is to ______

A． declare the importance of fairness

B． suggest how to achieve fairness

C． present different attitudes to fairness

D． explain why we love fairness

25、I never imagined that an interstate trip could be so exciting. But when your world has become smaller since the pandemic hit two-and-a-bit years ago, and then slowly _________, the most ordinary experience gives new _______ to life. And so it was with me when I was _________ given the chance to take my first flight in more than two years.

I’d forgotten how it felt to be among the people coming and going. I got to the airport two hours before boarding. Time for the bar and, of course, _________.

That group of young Arab women laughing and posing for photographs by the expansive windows, aircraft in the _________ , lighting up the place with their happiness.

The man in the corner drinking alone. Just another one of the 70,000 or so stories that would pass through the airport _________.

I couldn’t be calmer as a flyer. But when the plane took off I was _________, in that moment of weightlessness as the wheels _________ Earth, leaning towards the window to watch everything below becoming smaller and smaller.

Is it possible that the denial of so much during the pandemic lockdown had added new _________to what was the ordinary? I think so. The plane ride, the hotel stay, and the social occasion all now gave me a sense of ____________ that might have previously only aroused in me nothing more than a certain nonchalance (若无其事) or even ____________.

Last June, just ahead of the long Sydney lockdown, a friend ____________ a birthday party. That experience for me would continue happily through some of the____________ months of the lockdown that would follow.____________ the repeated fear that the pandemic holds over us, the memory of that celebration still keeps its bright, warm light in my mind. That’s what happens when everything old is new again, when ____________ is rediscovered as a virtue.

【1】

A．emerges

B．disappears

C．escapes

D．expands

【2】

A．meaning

B．panic

C．change

D．outcome

【3】

A．frequently

B．merely

C．originally

D．finally

【4】

A．book-reading

B．story-telling

C．people-watching

D．stranger-chatting

【5】

A．situation

B．background

C．circumstance

D．maintenance

【6】

A．in a special way

B．on a daily basis

C．once in a while

D．all of a sudden

【7】

A．excited

B．elegant

C．anxious

D．energetic

【8】

A．slid

B．attached

C．departed

D．floated

【9】

A．liberation

B．company

C．struggle

D．appeal

【10】

A．joy

B．chaos

C．regret

D．fear

【11】

A．kindness

B．happiness

C．tiredness

D．brightness

【12】

A．held

B．cancelled

C．attended

D．forgot

【13】

A．permanent

B．difficult

C．harmonious

D．dynamic

【14】

A．Without

B．Despite

C．Similar to

D．Apart from

【15】

A．opportunity

B．superiority

C．equality

D．simplicity

26、假如你是李华，你最近在某网站购得一部电子书阅读器(Kindle)，却发现商品存在一些质量问题，请你给商品负责人写一封电子邮件进行投诉，要点如下:1.购买时间；2.质量问题；3.你的要求。

注意:1.词数80词左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am Li Hua.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua