2025-2026年上海初一下册期末英语试卷

1、At the end of the dinner party, the conclusion of the crisis________ bare the fact women have as much self-control as men.

A.lay B.laid

C.lined D.lied

2、Drivers should be careful near schools in particular, ________ there are likely to be many children.

A.though B.but C.so D.because

3、Our blood depends on us moving around to be able to _______ properly.

A.bleed B.bond C.crash D.circulate

4、At the beginning, the experiment about vaccine turned out to be ________failure, but as we know, success often comes after ________failure.

A．不填; a

B．a; a

C．the; the

D．a; 不填

5、--- Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

--- Because the old one has been damaged ___________.

A．beyond reach

B．beyond repair

C．beyond control

D．beyond description

6、He has lived longer than the doctor expected. They didn’t think he would ________ to November.

A．make for

B．make it

C．make out

D．make up

7、—What do you think of the talent show last night, Jessica?

—Well, it was so boring that some people ________ during the show.

A. dropped by B. dropped off C. dropped behind D. dropped in

8、Difficulties and hardships have ____ the best character of the young geologist.

A. brought in B. brought out

C. brought up D. brought about

9、 – Is John coming by train?

– He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.

A．must

B．can

C．need

D．may

10、I’m not going to put myself _____ the bank.

A. at the mercy of B. apart from

C. all the time D. in the history of

11、The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity , but it may be some time _________the situation improves.

A. since B. when

C. before D. unless

12、__________these messages always seem important at the time, most people can’t really remember them the next day.

A.Because B.Unless C.While D.Since

13、Tom never works hard at his lessons, so it’s not ______ to see a ______ look on his face after the exam.

A. surprised; disappointing B. surprised; disappointed

C. surprising; disappointed D. surprising; disappointing

14、Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated in into German.

A．turned around

B．turned down

C．took over

D．set aside

15、In the dark forests __________, some large enough to hold several English towns.

A.are standing many lakes B.lie many lakes

C.many lakes lie D.many lakes stand

16、On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would ________   be blown away.

A．instead

B．otherwise

C．nonetheless

D．even

17、It was Tom as well as his friends that ________ for the serious accident.

A．was to be blamed

B．were to blame

C．was blaming

D．was to blame

18、People _______ hobbies which offer enjoyment, knowledge and relaxation.

A.bring up B.set up C.take up D.pick up

19、Generally speaking, one’s mistakes in front of other people requires great courage.

A.admit B.being admitted C.admitting D.having admitted

20、Bejing Daxing International Airport completed its first flight of passenger planes ___________four aircrafts landed safely on the runway Monday morning.

A.though B.as C.while D.before

21、The G20 will take ____ lead in building _____ new approach to cooperation.

A.the; a B.the; / C./; the D.a; a

22、The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.

A. shouldn’t have taken B. couldn’t have taken

C. mustn’t have taken D. needn’t have taken

23、--- Have you finished the book?

--- No, I've read up to _______ the children discover the secret cave.

A．in which

B．what

C．that

D．where

24、Tom assured (向……保证) his boss that he would _____ all his energies in doing this new job.

A. call forth B. call at

C. call by D. call off

25、Because of the pandemic（传染病）, days are gone _____ people go wherever they want.

A.if B.when C.which D.since

26、   Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients( 受领者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gérard Mourou, her PhD supervisor at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.

Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called ground-breaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.

---“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize? ”

---“Well, that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about --- that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized? ”

Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.

The last woman to win a physics Nobel was German-born Maria Goeppert-Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year’s winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus will mean the focus in future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.

【1】Which of the following best explains “ground-breaking” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A. active B. talented

C. creative D. awesome

【2】What do we know about Professor Strickland’s achievement?

A. She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.

B. She advocated equality between man and women.

C. She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.

D. She invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools .

【3】When was the second Nobel Prize in physics awarded to woman?

A. in 1963 B. in 1985

C. in 1903 D. in 1958

【4】What can be inferred from the statements in paragraph 4 ?

A. Woman’s achievements in physics are as great as man’s.

B. Woman’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.

C. Maria’s discoveries resulted from her long time research.

D. Gender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.

27、   Japanese fans who watched their national team be defeated by the Ivory Coast on Saturday showed it is possible to lose graciously (优雅地), when they stayed behind after the match to help clean up.

Despite seeing Japan's Blue Samurais lose 2-1 against the Ivory Coast' s national team at the Arena Perambuco in Recife, the Japanese audience armed with plastic bags searched their side of the stadium and gathered up dropped litter. While gathering waste after a sporting event is customary in Japan, the audience' s actions came as a shock to football fans from other countries.

This isn't the first time the Japanese have taken trash outside the stadium. The 1998 FIFA World Cup held in France was the first ever World Cup that Japan had qualified for. After their first group game against Argentina, the Japanese fans gave the world a lesson in politeness and respect by actually cleaning the football stadium seats. They picked up all the trash around them whether it was theirs or not. They then walked out and threw the trash in the garbage cans before leaving.

The all-around cleanliness of Japanese large cities comes as a culture shock to people coming from other big cities in the world. This tidiness is not due to millions of dollars spent on street cleaners and "Let's clean-up our city" campaigns. It's not due to effective public works or community service. It's due to one simple thing: They don't throw their rubbish on the floor. This unique and rare concept allows for both huge cities and the countryside to stay neat and tidy.

To reinforce this behavior, the common signs in Japan ask people to take their litter home with them. Then, to reinforce the sign, hey usually have no garbage cans in the parks. So when faced with the choice of throwing their garbage on the ground or keeping it with them, they keep it. They don’t need a “Don't Litter” or Keep Japan beautiful” sign. They have been doing it their whole lives and are used to taking their garbage with them.

【1】The story in Paragraph 3 mainly shows that___________.

A.Japanese people are used to carrying their own trash

B.Japanese fans have a habit of cleaning up the stadium

C.Japanese fans often clean stadium seats before the game

D.the Japanese are very interested in watching football games

【2】What can we say about Japanese big cities' cleanliness?

A.It has become common practice. B.It is the result of community service.

C.It costs millions of dollars every year. D.It exists because of public campaigns.

【3】Which of the following do the Japanese accept as normal?

A.Punishing the behavior of littering. B.Many signs reading "Don't Litter"."

C.Lots of garbage cans in the parks. D.Taking litter away with them.

【4】The author's attitude to the Japanese audience might be that of____________.

A.criticism B.unconcern C.respect D.doubt

28、They say procrastination (拖延) is the thief of time — actually deadlines are. New research has found that if you want someone to help you out with something, it is best not to set a deadline at all. But if you do set a deadline, make it short.

Professor Stephen Knowles tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research. Participants were invited to complete an online survey concerning a charity donation. They were given either one week, one month, or no deadline to respond. Professor Knowles says although the topic of the survey was about charity, the results are true of any situation where someone asks another person for help.

The study found responses to the survey were lowest for the one-month deadline and highest when no deadline was specified (明确规定). No deadline and the one-week deadline led to many early responses, while a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate, and then forget. Professor Knowles wasn’t surprised to find that specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline. However, he did find it interesting that they received the most responses when no deadline was specified.

“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a longer deadline, as opposed to a short deadline or no deadline at all, removes the urgency to act,” he says. “People therefore put off undertaking the task, and since they are inattentive or forget, postponing it results in lower response rates.”

He says of the research that it is possible that not specifying a deadline might still have led participants to assume that there is an unspoken deadline. Professor Knowles hopes his research can help reduce the amount of procrastinating people do. “Many people procrastinate. They have the best intentions of helping someone out, but just do not get around to doing it.”

【1】Why did Professor Knowles do the research?

A．To study the role a deadline plays in procrastination.

B．To find out whether people are interested in charity.

C．To attract public attention to the effects of procrastination.

D．To test the effect of procrastination on task completion.

【2】What most likely leads to procrastination?

A．No deadlines.

B．Short deadlines.

C．Specific deadlines.

D．Long deadlines.

【3】Why do people procrastinate when given a long deadline?

A．They oppose the deadline.

B．They are unwilling to act.

C．They lack a sense of urgency.

D．They are too busy to remember.

【4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Procrastination — the Thief of Time

B．Procrastination — an Urgent Problem to Solve

C．Deadline — a Result of Procrastination

D．Deadline — the Key to Reducing Procrastination

29、Ever wonder how your brain works when making decisions bigger than medium versus spicy salsa, like buying a car or accepting a job offer? Researchers from the University of Dundee in Scotland conducted a study that clarifies why you may want to have a small bite before making that big decision.

Benjamin Vincent from the University of Dundee’s Psychology department and his co-author Jordan Skyrnka tested 50 people two times: once when they followed their normal eating patterns and once when they did not eat anything during the day. Using three different types of rewards (food, money, and song downloads), the team discovered when presented with the choice of receiving the reward now versus double the award at some point in the future, participants would usually volunteer to wait for 35 days to earn a larger bounty, but when they were hungry, they said they would only wait three days.

“We wanted to know whether being in a state of hunger had a specific effect on how you make decisions only relating to food or if it had broader effects, and this research suggests decision-making gets more present-focused when people are hungry,” Vincent said in a story about the study on the university’s website. “You would predict that hunger would impact people’s preferences relating to food, but it is not yet clear why people get more present-focused for completely unrelated rewards. Hunger is so common that it is important to understand the non-obvious ways in which our preferences and decisions may be affected by it,” he said.

In an earlier study of the subject by a team at Cambridge University in England, the researchers noted that serotonin plays a major role in the decision-making process. “Since the raw material for making serotonin—an amino acid called tryptophan — only comes from diet, levels of the chemical decline between meals,” reports a piece in the Telegraph about the study. “This can lead to aggressiveness and impulsiveness,” say the team.

【1】How did Benjamin Vincent and Jordan Skyrnka carry out their research?

A．By analyzing reasons.

B．By making comparison.

C．By giving examples.

D．By filling questionnaires.

【2】The underlined word “bounty” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ________.

A．bonus.

B．quantity.

C．income.

D．fortune.

【3】What conclusion can we draw from Vincent’ study?

A．It’s common to make a wrong decision if you are hungry.

B．Make sure you are not hungry before making a big decision.

C．The more hungry you are, the quicker you will make a decision.

D．Being hungry drives you to make a decision connected with food.

【4】What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．What should be eaten to make a wise man.

B．How can we get enough serotonin from our diet.

C．What other factors will influence one’s decision-making.

D．How does a chemical function in the course of making a decision.

30、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

John graduated from a key university and he was very good at his major. He wished to find a good job. One day, he went to a company to   for a job. He got the news in a newspaper. He did some research on this company. When he was , everything went well. The manager asked him some questions and he answered them       . John was very satisfied with his performances and was very   that he could get the job. But at that moment, the manager’s phone   . He picked up the phone, listened and nodded. And then he turned around and said to John, “Sorry, I want to get some important now. Please give me the book with the red on that desk.” John looked around and found 3 books on the desk, so John went to the desk, took one book and handed it to him   . Holding the book, the manager   the phone and said, “Sorry, we cannot give the job to you.” John was and wondered why. The manager said, “There are three . First, when you came into the office room, I found that the third button on your shirt had been missing. Second, there are three books with red covers on that desk, but you didn’t ask me which one I needed and you took one randomly（随机地）. Third, I was answering the call. You should to the desk to save time. These showed you are not a careful person.”  , John didn’t get the job.

We can learn a(n)   from John’s experience. Some people don’t   the details in our life. But it is the details that . Not only should we value what we learn but also we should pay more attention to the details. Sometimes they can even   our success or failure. We should form the habit of being careful and learn to keep the   of quantity and quality. We should keep it in mind that comes first, without which quantity is of no significance.

【1】 A. apply   B. vote   C. prepare D. wait

【2】A. contacted   B. interviewed C. asked   D. questioned

【3】A. immediately B. slowly   C. generally D. fluently

【4】A. grateful   B. excited C. confident D. lucky

【5】A. lost     B. called   C. rang   D. answered

【6】A. arrangement B. response C. information D. result

【7】 A. cover   B. picture   C. character D. mark

【8】A. eagerly   B. politely C. purposely D. quickly

【9】A. searched for B. picked up C. held on D. hung up

【10】A. surprised   B. helpless C. disappointed  D. worried

【11】A. methods   B. results   C. collections D. reasons

【12】 A. wander   B. run   C. walk   D. move

【13】 A. parts   B. facts   C. details   D. stories

【14】 A. Eventually B. Seemingly C. Similarly D. Regularly

【15】A. subject   B. idea   C. skill   D. lesson

【16】A. mind   B. mention C. ignore   D. provide

【17】 A. trouble   B. count   C. interest D. impress

【18】A. describe   B. replace C. value   D. determine

【19】A. selection   B. importance C. balance D. competition

【20】A. quality   B. quantity C. safety   D. promise

31、   Surrell was the last person who should have run into a burning building — he has lung disease. But that didn’t _______him.

At first, Michael Surrell didn’t see the black smoke _______from the windows of his neighbors’ home. He was parking the car when his daughter in his car shouted, “The house next to our home is on fire!” He _______and saw some thick smoke above them. He went to find out. That’s when he saw two _______crying on their porch (走廊).

“The _______is in there!” one of the women cried. Entering the _______house, he found thick smoke made it impossible to _______. The conditions would have been _______for anyone, but for Surrell with disease, they were life-threatening.

After a few minutes in the smoke-filled house, he _______outside to catch his breath. “Where is Tiara?” he asked ________. “The second floor,” her aunt shouted back.

Surrell ________he couldn’t hold his breath for long. So he took a ________breath, and went in a second time.

Finally, he ________something, a shoe, then a(n) ________and part of her body above the waist. He ________Tiara toward him. However, she wasn’t breathing. He ________the little girl and fought through the smoke and ran to the ________. At the front door, Surrell put Tiara down and then started CPR (心肺复苏术). Soon a cough came from Tiara’s ________. Surrell gave five more breaths. She opened her ________and took a breath on her own. Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her ________and said, “Uncle’s got you.” Soon after, his throat closed off.

【1】A.hit B.stop C.kill D.leave

【2】A.shooting B.gathering C.disappearing D.decorating

【3】A.looked down B.looked back C.looked around D.looked up

【4】A.children B.cooks C.women D.passengers

【5】A.pet B.parent C.girl D.money

【6】A.burning B.expensive C.comfortable D.safe

【7】A.sleep B.breathe C.study D.work

【8】A.normal B.calm C.lucky D.dangerous

【9】A.looked B.returned C.relaxed D.wandered

【10】A.coldly B.gratefully C.embarrassedly D.anxiously

【11】A.explained B.proved C.knew D.heard

【12】A.deep B.constant C.shallow D.painful

【13】A.bought B.touched C.borrowed D.missed

【14】A.arm B.ear C.ankle D.mouth

【15】A.pulled B.drove C.waved D.pushed

【16】A.caught up with B.picked up C.left behind D.made way for

【17】A.bathroom B.bedroom C.door D.kitchen

【18】A.neighbor B.classmate C.friend D.throat

【19】A.eyes B.heart C.fingers D.window

【20】A.nervously B.tightly C.curiously D.thankfully

32、   She wasn’t aiming to make history. But in the late 1990s, when Sumita Mitra, a chemist at 3M, _____ to use nanotechnology(纳米技术) to improve dental (牙齿的) fillings, that’s exactly what happened. Now _____in dental offices--- and almost every mouth, her fillings are certainly one of the life-changing _____.

Any invention starts with a _____ and so did Mitra’s fillings. Before the mid-1990s, fillings came in two different _____. One wasn’t strong enough for stress-bearing _____ of the teeth like biting surfaces, and the other was strong but could become rough from _____ and chewing. Dentists often had to use two types of materials for every filling, which _____ problems.

In the 1990s, nanotechnology became a growing field for scientific advances. Mitra thought that _____ nanoparticles(纳米粒子) could be used to make a filling, the result would both look nice and be able to _____ wear and tear. Mitra didn’t have much _____ with nanotechnology, but scientists at 3M’s research labs were _____ with it for other uses. She joined them and _____ some very unique combinations of nanoparticles. Realizing that nanoparticles could _____ all the requirements was one significant moment, but the _____to combine nanoparticles was the big breakthrough. Nanoparticles are all the same size, and Mitra realized that she could _____them like a bunch of grapes. The work was groundbreaking and _____ the creation of a famous product--- the 3M Filtek Supreme Universal Restorative. The product was the first successful _____of nanotechnology in dental material and the first commercial application of nanotechnology at 3M.

Though the invention isn’t _____ used in other fields, it has really taken dentistry by storm. Patients and dentists are _____with it.

【1】A. demanded B. refused C. longed D. began

【2】A. studied B. collected C. found D. began

【3】A. decisions B. inventions C. disasters D. adventures

【4】A. problem B. discussion C. story D. dream

【5】A. aims B. levels C. systems D. materials

【6】A. features B. shapes C. areas D. roots

【7】A. brushing B. touching C. hiding D. changing

【8】A. solved B. created C. avoided D. noticed

【9】A. although B. because C. until D. if

【10】A. save B. resist C. cause D. reduce

【11】A. patience B. experience C. luck D. power

【12】A. going B. living C. missing D. working

【13】A. developed B. controlled C. approved D. spread

【14】A. state B. test C. achieve D. analyze

【15】A. ability B. agreement C. permission D. ambition

【16】A. treat B. cover C. move D. combine

【17】A. dealt with B. led to C. looked into D. came across

【18】A. use B. end C. theory D. record

【19】A. partly B. suddenly C. strangely D. broadly

【20】A. wrong B. careful C. pleased D. busy

33、   One day a factory owner entered a foreign supermarket, when lady gave a warm smile and welcomed him. He was very moved, felt ________, and was not able to forget the warmth in her smile. He was ________ her as he was shopping; she was giving the ________ smile to all the customers who ________ into the supermarket.

The factory owner started ________ if she was ever fed up with (厌倦) doing the same ________ again and again, so he walked up to ________ and asked, “My dear lady, are you ________ of doing this job, and how long have you been doing this?”

The lady ________ and said, “No, sir, have worked here for the last 10 years and I ________ my job. The factory owner was ________ and asked, “Why have you stayed here for ten years, and why do you like your ________?” The lady smiled again and said, “Sir, because I am ________ my country.” The factory owner found this ________ He said, “You are serving your ________ by smiling?”

The lady said, “Yes, sir. As most of our customers are ________, they spend foreign currency (外币) here. So our country has lot of money and becomes ________. People like you who are happy with our services will visit ________ often and spend money in our country.”

Amazed at her attitude, the factory owner ________ her and went back to his own country. He worked hard to show the same attitude ________ his workers, and today his company is one of the best companies in the world.

【1】A.sad B.terrible C.happy D.nervous

【2】A.watching B.missing C.greeting D.looking

【3】A.different B.same C.small D.large

【4】A.ran B.entered C.arrived D.walked

【5】A.wondering B.asking C.guessing D.imagining

【6】A.cooking B.drawing C.thing D.writing

【7】A.her B.it C.me D.him

【8】A.fond B.tired C.proud D.afraid

【9】A.angered B.cried C.smiled D.sighed

【10】A.hate B.find C.lose D.like

【11】A.worried B.surprised C.frightened D.scared

【12】A.job B.career C.position D.role

【13】A.rescuing B.restoring C.serving D.representing

【14】A.interesting B.dull C.humorous D.normal

【15】A.boss B.country C.family D.shop

【16】A.newcomer B.beggars C.strangers D.foreigners

【17】A.richer B.larger C.weaker D.poorer

【18】A.much B.little C.less D.more

【19】A.awarded B.thanked C.paid D.punished

【20】A.with B.about C.towards D.in

34、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Expressions about water are almost as common as water itself. But many of the expressions using water have unpleasant meanings.

The expression “to be in hot water” is one of them. It is a very old expression, which can be 【1】 back to 500 years ago. The expression is used to mean being in trouble. One story says it got that meaning from the custom of throwing extremely hot water down on enemies attacking a castle.

Being in “deep water” is almost the same as being in “hot water”. When you are in deep water, you are in a difficult 【2】. Imagine a person who cannot swim being thrown in water over his head. You are in deep water when you are facing a problem that you do not have the ability to solve. The problem is too deep. You can be in deep water, for example, if you invest in stocks in complete 【3】 of the stock market.

"Water over the dam" is another expression about a past event. It is something that cannot be 【4】. The expression comes from the idea that water that has 【5】 a dam cannot be brought back again. When a friend is 【6】 by a mistake she has made, you might tell her to forget about it. You say it is water over the dam.

Another common expression, "to hold water," is about the strength or weakness of an idea or opinion that you may be arguing about. It probably comes from the way of testing the 【7】 of a container. If it can hold water, it is strong and has no holes in it. If your 【8】 can hold water, it is strong and does not have any holes. If it does not hold water, then it is weak and can not be 【9】.

"Throwing cold water" also is an expression that deals with an idea or 【10】. For example, you want to buy a new car because the old one has some problems. But you wife "throws cold water" on the idea, because she says a new car costs too much

35、Directions: Fill in each blank to make the passage make sense and well connected in writing style. The initial letter of each word has been given. (please write each answer in a COMPLETE word on the answer card.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

In Congress, July 4, 1776

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should d【1】 the causes which impel them to the separation.

We h【2】 these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created e【3】, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable R【4】, that among these are life, L【5】, and the pursuit of Happiness.

That to secure these rights, g 【6】 are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the P 【7】 to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, l【8】 its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such f【9】, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariable the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their d 【10】, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

36、课文填空

Yet, some people are【1】 They claim that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. They make the 【2】 that children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of 【3】 on their school work. However, a recent survey conducted in the USA shows that 80 per cent of Internet users 【4】 it mostly to search for answers to questions. The second most common use of the Internet, for 79 per cent of Internet users, is to find out information about hobbies. These statistics prove that gathering information is the 【5】 use for the Internet.

37、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Driving an electric car 【1】 to the protection of environment, or so the marketing departments of their makers would have you believe. Yet a report which analyzes car emissions presents a rather different picture. A battery-powered car recharged with 【2】 generated by coal-fired power stations, it found, is likely to be more harmful. It could cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a 【3】 petrol-driven vehicle.

The study was carried out by the University of Minnesota. The researchers estimated how levels of fine particulate matter (细颗粒物) and ground-level ozone — two important 【4】 of air pollution — would change when a car is powered by different ways.

It was no surprise that electric cars whose batteries were recharged with power from wind, solar or hydro-electric sources came out to be virtually free from harmful 【5】. They were estimated to cause 231 deaths over the course of a year, compared with 878 for petrol cars. Electric cars recharged with power from natural gas-fired stations were also a lot less harmful than petrol-driven ones, with 439 deaths. But if those same electric cars were recharged 【6】 by coal, they would be responsible for over 3,000 deaths.

Biofuels also caused more health problems than petrol. But diesel, which often  【7】 concern about pollution, is slightly cleaner than petrol. This is because the study assumes for all cars that emission-control technologies will be more widely used, especially particulate filters which have a remarkable effect on cleaning diesel 【8】. Diesel cars are also more 【9】 of fuel than petrol-driven ones.

Overall, the study shows that electric cars are cleaner than those traditional vehicles only if the power used to charge then is also clean. That is hardly a surprise, but the 【10】 of the difference is. How green electric cars really are, then, will depend mainly on where they are driven. In France, which obtains more than half of its power from nuclear station, electric cars look like a good bet. In China and some other developing countries, where a large amount of electricity is produced from coal, they may not be so environment- friendly as they are marketed.

38、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为80左右。

A little boy selling magazines for school walked up to a house that people hardly visited. The house was very old and the owner hardly ever came out. When he did come out he would not say hello to neighbors or passers by but simply just glare(瞪眼看)at them.

The boy knocked on the door and waited, sweating from fear of the old man. The boy's parents told him to stay away from the house. A lot of the other neighborhood children were told the same from their parents.

As he was ready to walk away, the door slowly opened. " What do you want?" the old man said. The little boy was very afraid but he had a quota(份额) to meet for school with selling the magazines.

"Uh, sir, I uh am selling these magazines and uh I was wondering if you would like to buy one." The old man just stared at the boy. The boy could see inside the old man's house and saw that he had dog figurines(小狗雕像) on the wall. "Do you collect dogs?" the little boy asked. "Yes, I have many collections in my house. They are my family here. They are all I have." The boy then felt sorry for the man, as it seemed that he was a very lonely soul. "Well, I do have a magazine here for collectors. It is perfect for you. I also have one about dogs since you like dogs so much." The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said, "No boy, I don't need any magazines of any kind, now goodbye."

The little boy was sad that he was not going to make his quota with the sale. He was also sad for the old man being so alone in the big house that he owned. The boy went home and then had an idea. He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt. The figurine did not mean nearly as much to him since he had a real live dog and a large family.

Paragraph 1: The boy headed back down to the old man's house with the figurine.

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Paragraph 2: From that day on something changed inside the old man.

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39、阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

One winter Sunday, my little sister, Colleen, and I built the greatest snowman ever. We gave him a carrot nose, beautiful hat, cozy scarf and gloves. He was a masterpiece（杰作）.

The next morning when looking outside, we smiled lovingly at him over our meal. We gave him a high five as we passed by on our way to school. A lot of kids went past our house, so he was the hot topic at our school that morning. It was our pride！

The day dragged on until finally we could rush home. But as our yard came into sight, we saw something wrong. The snowman was gone！We only found a broken stick here, a torn glove there and balls of snow everywhere. Worst of all, the snowman’s once-proud carrot nose lay limp（无力的）and half-eaten.

What had happened？We were both astonished and angry. But then, we were only kids, who wouldn’t have anything take away our happiness. Actually we knew only one thing: Our snowman would rise again. And so we rebuilt him.

The next day we came home to find another mess on the front lawn（草坪）. For the rest of the week, the destruction was repeated daily. Each afternoon we’d return to find our snowman had fallen apart, and then we built again.

By Saturday morning, we had a plan. We borrowed a really big bucket （水桶）from Mom, filled it with water and left it outside. The next morning. it was frozen solid. We packed snow all around the ice block as the base （底座）of the snowman. Then we built the other parts of it once again The trap was set, and we wailed for the snowman bullies（破坏者） to come

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语

3写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1

On Monday morning, hiding behind the window, we soon saw what we were waiting for

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Paragraph 2

Seeing their pained look, we couldn’t help laughing

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40、假定你是李华，两周前你从网上购买的一套书虫系列读物（Bookworm Series），昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服人员写一封邮件投诉。要点如下：

1. 介绍购物情况；

2. 反映存在问题；

3. 提出解决方案。

注意：

1. 词数 80 词左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

3. 开头结尾已给出，不计入总词。

To whom it may concern,

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Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

41、假定你是李华，最近你校将举办以“榜样的力量”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请根据提示写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：

1. 活动的目的；

2. 榜样的故事；

3. 个人看法。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Good morning, everyone!

I’m Li Hua from Class 1, Senior 2. It’s my great honor to stand here to deliver my speech today.

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That’s all. Thanks for your listening.